Macroenvironmental Forces An organization World Report, 22 March 1999,...

The business cycle is the ups and downs of the general level of economic activity. All modern, industrialized countries have fluctuations in their rates of economic activity, leading to the observation that one nation's economy is...

Economic cycles, more commonly called business cycles, are the recurring expansion and contraction of the national economy. This is a phenomenon that is unique to a private or free-enterprise economic system, also called a capitalist economy. Other...

Business cycles are recurring cycles of economic events involving a period of more rapid than normal or average growth (the expansionary phase) and culminating in a peak, followed by a phase of slower than average growth (a recession), or a period of...

The political-business cycle is a political science concept thought to be applicable in different ways in most liberal democracies, although the research in this area applies most obviously to the USA and the United Kingdom. The basic idea is that...

‘A type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that organize their work mainly in business enterprises: a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly...

Periodic fluctuation in the rate of economic activity, as measured by levels of employment, prices, and production. Economists have long debated why periods of prosperity are eventually followed by economic crises (stock-market crashes, bankruptcies,...

Fluctuations in economic activity brought about by democratically elected governments seeking to win successive elections. It has been argued that political parties have a choice between unemployment and inflation so that in the period before an...

A cycle in economic activity lasting seven to eleven years. It was first identified by Clement Juglar (1819–1905) in 1862. He noticed such cycles in prices, interest rates and central bank balances. See also: Kitchin cycle; Kondratieff cycle;...

A cycle in general economic activity of three to five years’ duration, mostly caused by changes in inventories (stocks). Kitchin first identified this type of fluctuation in 1923. When economists refer to the ‘business cycle’ they...

Regular fluctuations in a national economy from a peak through a downswing to a trough and then an upswing back to the peak. Few national economies are without this instability. See also: boom and bust; business cycle; Juglar cycle; Kitchin cycle;...

The business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity about its long term growth trend. The cycle involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of output (recovery and prosperity), and periods of...