From early cave dwellings to the well-appointed sub-urban homes of today, the most fundamental reason for shelter remains to provide protection from weather and other possible dangers. Beyond this most basic purpose, modern culture has forged a...

Joseph Black. More than 3.3 billion square feet of new commercial buildings were constructed from 1988 to 1998, with 170 percent more expected by the year 2030. Because this new stock is expected to have a lifetime of fifty to one hundred...

Energy efficiency codes and standards for new buildings are the most cost-effective ways to improve the efficiency of a new building. Improvements can be made when a building is being designed and constructed at a fraction of the cost that it would...

For building design and construction, the eighteenth century represents a period of transition. Engineers and architects, formerly lumped together, assumed separate identities and functions. The increasing complexity of buildings and bridges helped to...

Building design is the design of architectural exterior/interior spaces, engineered elements and shelter design. A building designer, architect, or building engineer may produce designs for all types of buildings in small projects while larger projects...