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Seale, David, “The Women of Trachis: The Verge of Knowledge,” in Vision and Stagecraft in Sophocles, University of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 182.

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Whitman, Cedric H., “Late Learning: The Trachiniae,” in Sophocles: A Study of Heroic Humanism, Harvard University Press, 1951, p. 104.