Broude, Ronald. "Four Forms of Vengeance in Titus Andronicus." Journal of English and Germanic Philology LXXVIII, no. 4 (October 1979): 494-507.

Broude sees four kinds of revenge in the play: human sacrifice to pacify the spirits of dead warriors, family vendettas, human justice, and divine vengeance. He regards Titus as the man chosen by the gods to carry out their revenge and help restore human justice in Rome.

Brower, Reuben A. ' 'Titus Andronicus: Villainy and Tragedy." In Shakespeare: The Tragedies, edited by Robert B. Heilman, 28-36. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984.

Brower focuses on Timon as an undeveloped tragic hero. He suggests that Timon represents a noble man subjected to unspeakable suffering, whose cries for justice remain unanswered. A principal failure of the play, Brower contends, is that it offers Timon only a grim set of possible responses: he can go mad, increase his suffering by rigidly...