1900s: In 1905 Arthur Griffith formed the Sinn Fein movement. The name stands for "we ourselves" or "ourselves alone." The organization's goals were to practice civil disobedience and passive resistance to British rule.

1990s: Since aligning itself with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) with the advent of the civil war in the 1920s, Sinn Fein has acted as the IRA's political wing and plays a significant role in negotiating peace settlements in Northern Ireland.

1900s: There was a revival of Irish culture and language in the early 1900s, led in part by the Gaelic League. Artists collected Irish music and stories, and it was popular to wear Celtic symbols.

1990s: An Irish revival is happening again through the popularity of Irish stage shows such as "Riverdance." For the first time, numbers of Protestants are taking up Irish dancing, formerly practiced primarily by Catholics.

1900s: In...