James’ Letters

The letters that James sends to Minnie represent the fact that James is unwelcome in Minnie’s life, and they symbolize James’ role as an antagonist toward Minnie. The nature of a letter is such that the recipient does not have a chance to completely ignore it until the recipient knows that it exists. Therefore, James forces himself into Minnie’s thoughts by sending this letter, even though he is unwelcome.

The Liu Household

The Liu household symbolizes sanctuary for Minnie. Throughout the story, Minnie is oppressed by her husband. When she finally leaves him, she wanders aimlessly through the city, and Liu Kanghi saves her from her isolation. He brings her to the Liu household, where Minnie gets a job and finds respite with the family.

Minnie’s Daughter’s Shoe

Minnie’s daughter’s shoe represents the immediate trust that Sui establishes between...