History does not have to determine the future.

History does not have to determine the future. While the author contends that the past influences the present, it is up to those in the present to ensure the future does not end up the same as the past.

While many in France collaborate with the Germans, not everyone does. They choose to stand and fight evil. Because of people like them, the Germans are ultimately defeated and the past of war in Europe is transformed into a future of peace by the time Astrid revisits France as an old woman.

Luc’s past consists of his father collaborating with the Germans. However, that does not mean that Luc must do the same. Instead of working with the Germans, Luc chooses to fight against them by joining the resistance in hopes of a better future.

Even though Noa has...