Sleephy Hollow

A wooded area near Concord, Massachusetts

The Tempest

Play written by William Shakespeare at about the same time that the New World was being colonized

The Machine

Refers metaphorically to all industrialism during nineteenth century America

The Garden

Metaphor for the general pastoral landscape of America, as found by the original settlers

Letters From an American Farmer

Book written by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, an American farmer of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

Middle Landscape

The term for a compromise between mechanism and pastoralism, in which both may co-exist, but in modified ways

Husbandry

Term referring to farming occupations

The Young Americans

Published address of Ralph Waldo Emerson, espousing the philosophy of "romantic pastorialism"

Communist Manifesto

Work by Karl Marx in which he stated that industrialization had resulted in man's alienation from his work. He was no longer "spiritually" connected to what he...