Summary

By 1933, "a sixty-five-year-old Du Bois had almost completely turned to antiracism" (335). In the midst of the Great Depression he turned to antiracist socialism. In the 1930s, he championed the antiracist addition of the field of Negro Studies to post-secondary education. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the "New Deal" to help the economy recover from the Depression, policies were executed in such a way that Black people could not take advantage of them. As with earlier government policies, "segregationists were given the power to locally administer and racially discriminate the relief coming from these federal programs" (337). Additionally, "segregationists made sure that farmers and domestics -- Black's primary vocations -- were excluded from the laws' new job benefits, like minimum wage, social security, unemployment insurance, and unionizing rights" (337). Additionally, government policies around housing marked Black neighborhoods...