Bâ, Sylvia Washington, The Concept of Negritude in the Poetry of Léopold Sédar Senghor, Princeton University Press, 1973.

Hymans, Jacques Louis, Léopold Sédar Senghor: An Intellectual Biography, Edinburgh University Press, 1971.

Sartre, Jean-Paul, "Orphée Noir," in his Situations III, Gallimard, 1949, pp. 229-86.

Senghor, Léopold Sédar, The Foundations of "Africanité" or "Négritude" and "Arabité," translated by Mercer Cook, Presence Africaine, 1971.

———, Selected Poems / Poésies Choisies, translated by Craig Williamson, Rex Collings, 1976. Spleth, Janice, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Twayne Publishers, 1985.