"Odour of Chrysanthemums" was written between the end of the Victorian period in 1901, and the beginning of World War I in 1914. It was a time when England was still a powerful international force, and the head of a huge empire that extended from India to Nigeria, which demonstrated England's political power and also provided a vast market for its manufactured goods. During the nineteenth century, England's industrial machine had developed the factory system, which produced surplus goods for export. The colonies provided a captive market for such products and the powerful factories, located mostly in England's north, distributed their goods through a complex transportation system of canals, railways, and ships.
One of the major sources for the energy which drove this industrial machine was coal. However, as Lawrence.....
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