Ahearn, Barry, William Carlos Williams and Alterity: The Early Poetry, Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Butler, Christopher, Early Modernism, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Doyle, Charles, William Carlos Williams and the American Poem, St. Martin's Press, 1982.

Halter, Peter, The Revolution in the Visual Arts and the Poetry of William Carlos Williams, Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Litz, A. Walton and Christopher MacGowen, editors, The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams Vol. 1, New Directions, 1986.

Marling, William, William Carlos Williams and the Painters, 1909-1923, Ohio University Press, 1982.

MacGowan, Christopher J., William Carlos Williams's Early Poetry: The Visual Arts Background, UMI Research Press, 1984.

Nicholls, Peter, Modernisms: A Literary Guide, University of California Press, 1995.

Schmidt, Peter, William Carlos Williams, The Arts, And Literary Tradition, Louisiana State University, 1988.

Williams, William Carlos, Selected Poems, edited by Charles Tomlinson, New Directions, 1985.