Introduction: What is Literature? Summary and Analysis

The notion of literary theory implies the existence of literature. Therefore, before literary theory can be studied, "literature" must first be defined. It is at first tempting to associate literature with fiction. However, this definition is obviously flawed as it would exclude many works which are considered fiction, such as the essays of Francis Bacon or John Donne's religious sermons. Even some philosophical works like those of Mill or Hobbes could be included in literature. The sharp distinction between fact and fiction is not even a universal one, as many cultures in the past did not seem to accept it. Further, there are some works which may have been considered fact by their authors, but are considered fiction by others, such as the Book of Genesis. Finally, there are fictional pieces which most would not...