The novel's title tells us that John Steinbeck was not at all sure that communism was the answer, even though he was certain of the need. This book may have been his attempt to clarify the issues and his own ideas. He discusses the pros and cons with his characters, and just by pointing to the communists' methods, he brings them under scrutiny.
The battle is the class struggle for equality and the struggle of the working man, in particular the migrant worker, to survive with health and dignity. The oppression of the working man was widespread at the time this novel was written. People earned very low wages and often had to pay for their own tools. Working conditions were difficult at best, and downright dangerous in many kinds of work.
No medical coverage.....
