Ellmann, Richard. James Joyce. 1959. Revised edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. This standard biography of Joyce draws upon a staggering amount of research and delivers a wonderfully detailed account of Joyce's life.

142 Dubliners Gifford, Don. Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners & A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. An invaluable companion to both of these works, Gifford's notes clarify many of Joyce's local references and allusions.

Joyce, James. Dubliners: Text, Criticism, and Notes. Edited by Robert Scholes and A. Walton Litz. New York: Penguin, 1996.

This edition includes extensive and often very helpful notes and commentary.

Tindall, William York. A Reader's Guide to James Joyce. New York: Noonday, 1959.

This is an older but still useful study of all of Joyce's fiction that includes brief discussions of each of the Dubliners stories.