When A Clockwork Orange was published in 1962, it had twenty-one chapters. Its American edition, however, was published with only twenty chapters a year later, the publisher W. W. Norton having removed the last chapter because they thought it was too sentimental. It was not until 1987 that American editions were published with the last chapter included. Of the controversy, Burgess writes in his essay "A Clockwork Orange Resucked," found in the 1987 edition: "My book was Kennedyan and accepted the notion of moral progress. What was really wanted was a Nixonian book with no shred of optimism in it."
The reviews the novel received were generally favorable and emphasized both its thematic elements and its style. An anonymous reviewer for the New York Times calls the book "brilliant," and writes, "A Clockwork.....
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