A. Owen Aldridge, in Voltaire and the Century of Light, Princeton University Press, 1975.

James Boswell, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1978, pp. 210-11.

William F. Bottiglia, "Candide's Garden," in his Voltaire: A Collection of Critical Essays,ed. by W. F. Bottiglia, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978, pp. 87-111.

Georg Brandes, in Voltaire,Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1964.

The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle, Vol. XXIX, May, 1759, pp. 233-37.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, "A Letter on October2, 1789," in his An Account of a Young Russian Gentleman's Tour through Germany, Switzerland, France, and England, translated by Florence Jonas, Columbia University Press, 1957, pp. 144-50.

Gustave Lanson, in Voltaire,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966.

André Maurois, "Voltaire: Novels and Tales" in his The Art of Writing, The Bodley Head, 1960, pp. 35-50.

John Morley, in Voltaire, Macmillan and Co., 1872.