Optimism vs Pessimism

When faced with a situation over which someone has no control, people generally develop either an optimistic or pessimistic approach. An optimist thinks other people have it worse, so decides to make a good life from the situation no matter how uncomfortable. The pessimist always believes other people have it better, and is never happy.

The theme of acceptance and choosing whether to be an optimist or pessimist is constant in this novel. The Kadmins, a couple who have been through a horrible dislocation of their lives and careers, find happiness in a small village for exiles. Pavel, who actually has a privileged life, is constantly questioning himself and his family, desperate to continue climbing up the promotional and party ladder. Oleg and Shulubin have moments of optimism and pessimism, and are using their reasoning powers of intelligence to work out which is the logical course...