Athens

This is one of the most powerful cities of ancient Greece. At times they were the dominant force in upland Greece. However, to their own sorrow, during the decades in this book, they were more often 'second.' By the end of the work, they have resumed equality to Sparta- having been both over and under them.

Sparta

This city-state was one of the most dominant of the Grecian area, especially in central and high Greece. This city-state's main competitor was Athens. Although there were decades when Athens had the upper hand over Sparta, during the majority of this book Sparta is over Athens in power. At the end of the book, the two are running as equals to one another.

Corinth

This city is the home of Xenophon at the end of his life. It is amongst the city-states that, while not the most dominant are...