Scholastic Press published the McKissacks' Black Hands, White Sails in 1999. This remarkable but obscure story focuses on blacks in the East Coast whaling industry from the 1400s to the early 1900s. Despite the dangers of going to sea and hunting whales, escaped slaves sought freedom by working on ships that supplied up to 80 percent of the oil used by Americans. Free black seamen sought career opportunities as first mates, captains, or owners.
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