Turkmenistan—Education System
Turkmenistan marked ten years of independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on 27 October 2001. From 1924 to 1991, the Ministry of Education of the USSR provided centrally planned curricula and textbooks, determined enrollments, and required teaching in Russian. Since 1991, many reforms have taken place in the educational system of Turkmenistan.
Further Reading
Ataev, M. A., ed. (1999) Turkmenistan: Eight Years of Independent Development. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Ministry of Economy and Finance of Turkmenistan, National Institute of Statistics and Forecast of Turkmenistan. Atagarriyev, G. B., ed. (1999) Turkmenistanin Presidenti
Saparmirat Turkmenbashinin "Turkmenistanda durmushikdisadi ozgertmelerin 2010–nji yila chenli bash ugri (The National Program of the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Turkmenbashi on "The Strategies of Socioeconomic Reforms in Turkmenistan for the Period until 2010"). Istanbul: Kutlu Publishing & Impex. National Institute of Statistics and Forecasting of Turkmenistan. (1996) Turkmenistan—Human Development Report. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: UNDP. ———. (1998) Turkmenistan—Human Development Report.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: UNDP. ———. (1999) Turkmenistan—Human Development Report.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: UNDP.
Turkmenistan—Education Sector Review. (1997) Ashgabat,
Turkmenistan: UNDP.
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