When Nazi leader Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933, Otto Frank moved his family, including his three-year-old daughter Anne, to the Dutch city of Amsterdam. There they found a happy refuge from Hitler's anti-Semitic laws, and Otto began a successful business. Unfortunately, after the Nazis invaded and occupied Holland in 1940, conditions became similar to those the Franks had left behind in Germany. When Otto's oldest daughter, Margot, received a summons from Nazi authorities, presumably conscripting her for work in Eastern Europe, Otto moved his family into hiding along with another Jewish family and an acquaintance. During her two years in hiding, Anne carefully recorded the details of life in the secret annex in a journal that was published after her death as The Diary of a Young Girl. Following the Gestapo's raid on the annex, Anne's diary was recovered by her father's employees, who had been helping the Franks. Otto Frank, the only survivor from the annex group, published his daughter's diary in 1947.
Occupied Holland. On May 10, 1940, German planes loaded with incendiary bombs and explosives began bombarding the Dutch countryside.
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