The Advent of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Cpr)
Overview
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first aid procedure designed to re-establish or simulate heart and lung action. During cardiac arrest, CPR provides a percentage of oxygenated blood to the heart and brain, helping to keep these organs alive until advanced life support is provided. CPR techniques focus on the"ABCs" of resuscitation—Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Modern CPR was introduced in the medical community in the late 1950s, and is delivered using rescue breathing and chest compressions. The advent of CPR contributed to fundamental changes in the delivery of medical care, created ethical end-of-life considerations, and influenced outlook on health and fitness.
BackgroundDuring the 1950s, American physicians James Elam and Peter Safar were the first contemporary researchers of the airway "A" and breathing "B" components of CPR. Elam doubted the methods then-in-use for artificial respiration, which included the use of arm lifts and slow pressure applied to the chest. Elam proposed that expired air given directly to the victim through mouth-to-nose breathing would provide more oxygen to the body. Elam then demonstrated that his own expired air could maintain normal arterial oxygen levels in surgical patients when blown through their endotracheal tubes.
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