Self-reliance - Ralph Waldo Emerson - 1841
Introduction
In "Self-Reliance" (1841), Ralph Waldo Emerson, the premier American poet, philosopher, and lecturer of the nineteenth century, sums up the most basic and pervasive idea of the American dream and gives expression to many prominent and long-lasting American ideals. From individualism to entrepreneurialism, Emerson's writings emphasize the responsibility of each citizen to the self rather than to an outside authority. Living at a time when America is undergoing vast social and economic changes, Emerson provides an image of the young nation as enterprising, imaginative, and full of opportunity. A person's destiny lies in his or her own hands, according to this giant of American literature, and therefore Emerson helps establish much of the rhetoric surrounding the American dream.
"Self-Reliance" remains one of Emerson's most popular essays. In it, he describes the many distractions of society and culture that attempt to draw attention away from personal introspection. Looking within the self is the only path to true enlightenment, Emerson writes, and therefore anything that calls one away from the self should be shunned. Similarly, each person must define life individually, boldly casting off any external pressures to conform. "Self-Reliance" helps articulate the rallying cry for the nineteenth-century philosophical movement called Transcendentalism, in which many other prominent writers and artists participated and which focused energy away from cultural institutions such as the church and toward the inner workings of each individual soul.
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