Successful human exploration of space depends on continued scientific research and innovative technology development. Advances in scientists' understanding of propulsion systems, power generation, resource utilization, and the physiological and psychological effects on humans of living in space are required if humans are to explore space and other planets or establish settlements on other planets.

Exploration to develop knowledge about Earth and planetary evolution in general, and the origins and conditions for life, will continue to lead us to search for life throughout the solar system and beyond. An initial reconnaissance of all of the planets in the solar system will ultimately be completed with a robotic mission to Pluto. Scientists are also keen to send spacecraft to Europa, one of the moons of Jupiter, to search for signs of life in a liquid ocean thought to exist below its icy crust. And the search will continue...