(Marius) Sophus Lie
1842-1899
Norwegian mathematician who developed the mathematical formalism known as Lie algebra and made significant contributions in the area of differential and partial differential equations.
Lie was a long-time friend and scientific collaborator with Felix Klein; their early collaboration on problems of transformation groups influenced much of Klein's later work. Lie served as the chair of mathematics at Leipzig for nearly a decade, returning to his native Kristiania (later renamed Oslo) shortly before his death.
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