The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1814-1878
German physiologist and physicist often credited with the first formulation of the principle of energy conservation, specifically the inter-conversion of electrical and magnetic energy, mechanical energy, and heat. Mayer's interest in the subject apparently began in 1840, when, serving as a ship's surgeon, he observed that the venous blood of sailors in the tropics was a brighter shade of red than in the northern latitudes, indicating less need to generate body heat through the oxidation of food.