Johannes Fibiger Induces Cancer in Lab Animals and Helps Advance Cancer Research, in Particular Leading Directly to the Study of Chemical Carcinogens
Overview
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (1867-1928), Danish physician, pathologist, and bacteriologist, was awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his research on the etiology of cancer and for his discovery of a parasite that he claimed was the cause of cancer. Fibiger called the parasite, which was a nematode worm, Spiroptera carcinoma, or Spiroptera neoplastica. The organism is now regarded as a member of the genus Gongylonema. Although Fibiger's work seemed to show that nematodes caused carcinoma in rodents, other researchers were unable to confirm his results. Unfortunately, the great hope expressed in the 1920s that Fibiger's research would lead to a practical solution for the cancer puzzle proved to be unfounded. Although for many years other cancer investigators rejected his work on Spiroptera carcinoma and his general ideas about cancer, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of randomized controlled clinical trials for his work on diphtheria serum. Changing concepts of disease and recent studies of the relationship between other pathogens and cancer has led to a reevaluation of Fibiger's place in the history of medicine.
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