Japan—Political System
Modern Japan's political system can be formally divided into three periods centering around the emperor's Charter Oath of 1868, the Meiji Constitution of 1889, and the 1947 constitution. Each of these periods was, in turn, affected by less formal political movements, the meanings of which are still being hotly debated.
The Charter Oath of 1868
In April 1868, the young Meiji emperor participated in a solemn Shinto ceremony in which he issued what is now known as the Charter Oath. This promised that deliberative councils would be established, public discussion encouraged, "evil practices of the past" ended, and knowledge sought.....
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