Begun in 1990, The Human Genome Project seeks to map the 60-80,000 genes and sequence the three billion DNA base pairs on the chromosomes within the nucleus of a human cell. The word genome refers to all the DNA in a cell. The Human Genome Project is a three-billion dollar worldwide effort. It is funded by United States agencies, including the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy. The work, divided among hundreds of scientists in eight research centers, is due to be completed by the year 2005. The project freely provides its findings to the scientific community. Its work is claimed to be 99.9% accurate (less than one error in 10,000 base pairs). The researchers use a technique called the clone-by-clone method. They divide the genome into small fragments and replicate or clone them repeatedly inside a microorganism. They then determine where the fragment belongs...