Genetic counseling is a communication process which deals with the problems associated with the occurrence, or probability of occurrence of a genetic disorder in a family.

In 1975, a committee of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) proposed a definition and the goal of genetic counseling. This process involves trained medical specialists (obstetrician, pediatrician, genetic counselor) to help the individual or family to comprehend and adjust to the medical facts, including the diagnosis of a genetic disorder, it's probable course, and the possible management of the disorder.

When a definitive diagnosis is not possible, counseling presents what is understood, as well as the uncertainties regarding potential future outcomes (prognosis). Genetic counseling also helps families learn the way a genetic disorder is inherited, and the risks of recurrence. Options for dealing with the risk of a genetic...