Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939)
Sigmund Freud is widely known as the founding father of psychoanalysis, and is probably the most famous and influential theorist and practitioner in the field of psychology to date. His works are studied not only by mental health professionals, but by students of philosophy, humanities, art, literature, and culture as well. Probably Freud's most widely known contributions are his theories about the motivating force of the libido, his descriptions of the effect of childhood experiences on the adult psyche, and his theories of dreams, the mind, and the unconscious. His writings have been translated into most modern languages, and are collected in twenty-four volumes in The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud, but people who have never read a word Freud wrote or even an essay about him are familiar with the Freudian implications of dreams. Many of Freud's concepts have been popularized by their usage in novels, movies, and self-help movements, and Freud himself is a widely recognized icon in Western societies, so much so that the standard film and television stereotype of a psychiatrist or psychologist will have a beard, a cigar, and an Austrian accent.
Freud's theories have always aroused controversy.
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