Fermium
Fermium is a transuranium element with atomic number 100. Its atomic mass is 257.0951 and its chemical symbol is Fm.
Properties
All isotopes of fermium are radioactive, with fermium-257 having the longest half life, 20.1 hours. Thus far, too little fermium has been prepared for scientists to determine its physical properties. Research suggests that its chemical properties are similar to those of erbium, above it in the periodic table.
Occurrence and Extraction
Fermium has never been discovered in the Earth's crust and is not thought to be present there. It is prepared artificially in particle accelerators by bombarding heavy transuranium elements, such as californium, with alpha particles.
Discovery and Naming
Fermium was discovered in 1952 as one of the byproducts of the first hydrogen bomb test at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.Albert Ghiorso led the team of researchers from the University of California that made the discovery. The team decided to name the element in honor of the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi (1901-54) who made many important scientific discoveries and was a leader of the U.S. effort to build the world's first atomic bomb during World War II.
Uses
Fermium exists in such small amounts that it has no practical uses.
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