1619–1800 ∼ Slaves and Native Americans
First slaves arrive in America at Jamestown, Virginia (1619) / House of Burgess in Virginia passes laws making the child of a black woman a slave for life and the child of a white woman free-born (1662) / King Philip of the Wampanoags destroys 20 New England towns killing more than 3,000 whites (1675) / Colonial army wipes out the Wampanoags and opens New England to white settlers. (1675–1678) / French and Indian Wars (1689–1763) / U.S. signs treaties with several Indian nations (1784–1794)
MILESTONES: John Winthrop lectures Puritans on board ship about model behavior before arriving in America (1630) • Early American cities established: Jamestown (1607), Santa Fe (1610), Boston (1630) • Constitutional Convention ratifies the Constitution for the new republic (1787) • Congress authorizes recruitment of marshals to serve warrants and subpoenas (1789) • Naturalization Law excludes non-whites from citizenship (1790) • Edward Jenner develops smallpox vaccination in England (1796)
1800–1849 ∼ Claiming the Frontier
Andrew Jackson’s troops kill 800 Creek Indians, including women and children (1814) / Indian Removal Act authorizes relocating Indian nations west of the Mississippi (1830) / Thousands of Indians die during forced relocation on the “trail of tears” (1831–1838) / Mass migration to western lands (1840s) / United States annexes Texas (1845) / War with Mexico (1846)
MILESTONES: Thomas Jefferson designs his house Monticello, the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, and the Virginia state capitol in Richmond, setting the style for Neoclassical architecture for monumental buildings (early 1800s) • Cult of Domesticity expects women to protect the family from moral decay (1830–1880) • Police power doctrine granted to states (1800s) • Wealth is regarded as a sign of virtue (1800s)
1850–1900 ∼ The Debate over Slavery
Fugitive Slave Law requires whites to return runaway slaves (1850) / Dred Scott case makes slavery legal in the territories (1857) / Land Act gives whites in California control over Mexican property (1851) / Oregon Bill of Rights contains a Negro Exclusion Law that remains on the state’s law books until 1926 (1859) / The American Civil War (1860–1864) / Chinese laborers build transcontinental railroad across the U.S.
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