David [first Edition]
DAVID [FIRST EDITION], second king of Israel and Judah (c. 1000–960 BCE), and founder of a dynasty that continued until the end of the Judean monarchy. David was the youngest son of Jesse from Bethlehem in Judah.
David's Place in the History of Israel
David is regarded by both tradition and modern scholarship as the greatest ruler of the combined states of Israel and Judah. He was able to free them from the control of the Philistines and to gain a measure of domination over some of the neighboring states (Edom, Moab, Ammon) and some of the Aramean states of Syria. At the same time he established treaty relations with Tyre and Hamath. He also extended the territories of Judah and Israel to include a number of major Canaanite cities and took Jerusalem by conquest. It became his capital and remained the ruling center of Judah until the end of the monarchy.
There are no references to David in any historical source outside the Bible. One contemporary ruler, Hiram of Tyre, mentioned in 2 Samuel 5:11, is known from other historical sources, but the correlation of the chronologies of the two kings remains problematic.
The assessment of David's career is based upon sources in 1 Samuel 16 through 1 Kings 2.
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