Who is Philolaus from The Politics of Aristotle and what is their importance?

This was a man of Thebes. He was sufficiently involved with the law-making process to have come up with a regulation that passed and went into affect. It was designed to maintain the exact same number of estates that were present in Thebes. As such, it involved population control measures. He is introduced in the second section of Book 2 during the comparison of constitutions.