//\//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//\  overLIB 3.50  --  This notice must remain untouched at all times.
//\  Copyright Erik Bosrup 1998-2001. All rights reserved.
//\
//\  By Erik Bosrup (erik@bosrup.com).  Last modified 2001-08-28.
//\  Portions by Dan Steinman (dansteinman.com). Additions by other people are
//\  listed on the overLIB homepage.
//\
//\  Get the latest version at http://www.bosrup.com/web/overlib/
//\
//\  This script is published under an open source license. Please read the license
//\  agreement online at: http://www.bosrup.com/web/overlib/license.html
//\  If you have questions regarding the license please contact erik@bosrup.com.
//\
//\  This script library was originally created for personal use. By request it has
//\  later been made public. This is free software. Do not sell this as your own
//\  work, or remove this copyright notice. For full details on copying or changing
//\  this script please read the license agreement at the link above.
//\
//\  Please give credit on sites that use overLIB and submit changes of the script
//\  so other people can use them as well. This script is free to use, don't abuse.
//\//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//\mini


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CONSTANTS
// Don't touch these. :)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
var INARRAY		=	1;
var CAPARRAY		=	2;
var STICKY		=	3;
var BACKGROUND		=	4;
var NOCLOSE		=	5;
var CAPTION		=	6;
var LEFT		=	7;
var RIGHT		=	8;
var CENTER		=	9;
var OFFSETX		=	10;
var OFFSETY		=	11;
var FGCOLOR		=	12;
var BGCOLOR		=	13;
var TEXTCOLOR		=	14;
var CAPCOLOR		=	15;
var CLOSECOLOR		=	16;
var WIDTH		=	17;
var BORDER		=	18;
var STATUS		=	19;
var AUTOSTATUS		=	20;
var AUTOSTATUSCAP	=	21;
var HEIGHT		=	22;
var CLOSETEXT		=	23;
var SNAPX		=	24;
var SNAPY		=	25;
var FIXX		=	26;
var FIXY		=	27;
var FGBACKGROUND	=	28;
var BGBACKGROUND	=	29;
var PADX		=	30; // PADX2 out
var PADY		=	31; // PADY2 out
var FULLHTML		=	34;
var ABOVE		=	35;
var BELOW		=	36;
var CAPICON		=	37;
var TEXTFONT		=	38;
var CAPTIONFONT		=	39;
var CLOSEFONT		=	40;
var TEXTSIZE		=	41;
var CAPTIONSIZE		=	42;
var CLOSESIZE		=	43;
var FRAME		=	44;
var TIMEOUT		=	45;
var FUNCTION		=	46;
var DELAY		=	47;
var HAUTO		=	48;
var VAUTO		=	49;
var CLOSECLICK		=	50;
var CSSOFF		=	51;
var CSSSTYLE		=	52;
var CSSCLASS		=	53;
var FGCLASS		=	54;
var BGCLASS		=	55;
var TEXTFONTCLASS	=	56;
var CAPTIONFONTCLASS	=	57;
var CLOSEFONTCLASS	=	58;
var PADUNIT		=	59;
var HEIGHTUNIT		=	60;
var WIDTHUNIT		=	61;
var TEXTSIZEUNIT	=	62;
var TEXTDECORATION	=	63;
var TEXTSTYLE		=	64;
var TEXTWEIGHT		=	65;
var CAPTIONSIZEUNIT	=	66;
var CAPTIONDECORATION	=	67;
var CAPTIONSTYLE	=	68;
var CAPTIONWEIGHT	=	69;
var CLOSESIZEUNIT	=	70;
var CLOSEDECORATION	=	71;
var CLOSESTYLE		=	72;
var CLOSEWEIGHT		=	73;


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DEFAULT CONFIGURATION
// You don't have to change anything here if you don't want to. All of this can be
// changed on your html page or through an overLIB call.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Main background color (the large area)
// Usually a bright color (white, yellow etc)
if (typeof ol_fgcolor == 'undefined') { var ol_fgcolor = "#FFFFFF";}
	
// Border color and color of caption
// Usually a dark color (black, brown etc)
if (typeof ol_bgcolor == 'undefined') { var ol_bgcolor = "#990033";}
	
// Text color
// Usually a dark color
if (typeof ol_textcolor == 'undefined') { var ol_textcolor = "#000000";}
	
// Color of the caption text
// Usually a bright color
if (typeof ol_capcolor == 'undefined') { var ol_capcolor = "#FFFFFF";}
	
// Color of "Close" when using Sticky
// Usually a semi-bright color
if (typeof ol_closecolor == 'undefined') { var ol_closecolor = "#FFFFFF";}

// Font face for the main text
if (typeof ol_textfont == 'undefined') { var ol_textfont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";}

// Font face for the caption
if (typeof ol_captionfont == 'undefined') { var ol_captionfont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";}

// Font face for the close text
if (typeof ol_closefont == 'undefined') { var ol_closefont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";}

// Font size for the main text
// When using CSS this will be very small.
if (typeof ol_textsize == 'undefined') { var ol_textsize = "1";}

// Font size for the caption
// When using CSS this will be very small.
if (typeof ol_captionsize == 'undefined') { var ol_captionsize = "1";}

// Font size for the close text
// When using CSS this will be very small.
if (typeof ol_closesize == 'undefined') { var ol_closesize = "1";}

// Width of the popups in pixels
// 100-300 pixels is typical
if (typeof ol_width == 'undefined') { var ol_width = "200";}

// How thick the ol_border should be in pixels
// 1-3 pixels is typical
if (typeof ol_border == 'undefined') { var ol_border = "1";}

// How many pixels to the right/left of the cursor to show the popup
// Values between 3 and 12 are best
if (typeof ol_offsetx == 'undefined') { var ol_offsetx = 10;}
	
// How many pixels to the below the cursor to show the popup
// Values between 3 and 12 are best
if (typeof ol_offsety == 'undefined') { var ol_offsety = 10;}

// Default text for popups
// Should you forget to pass something to overLIB this will be displayed.
if (typeof ol_text == 'undefined') { var ol_text = "Default Text"; }

// Default caption
// You should leave this blank or you will have problems making non caps popups.
if (typeof ol_cap == 'undefined') { var ol_cap = ""; }

// Decides if sticky popups are default.
// 0 for non, 1 for stickies.
if (typeof ol_sticky == 'undefined') { var ol_sticky = 0; }

// Default background image. Better left empty unless you always want one.
if (typeof ol_background == 'undefined') { var ol_background = ""; }

// Text for the closing sticky popups.
// Normal is "Close".
if (typeof ol_close == 'undefined') { var ol_close = "Close"; }

// Default vertical alignment for popups.
// It's best to leave RIGHT here. Other options are LEFT and CENTER.
if (typeof ol_hpos == 'undefined') { var ol_hpos = RIGHT; }

// Default status bar text when a popup is invoked.
if (typeof ol_status == 'undefined') { var ol_status = ""; }

// If the status bar automatically should load either text or caption.
// 0=nothing, 1=text, 2=caption
if (typeof ol_autostatus == 'undefined') { var ol_autostatus = 0; }

// Default height for popup. Often best left alone.
if (typeof ol_height == 'undefined') { var ol_height = -1; }

// Horizontal grid spacing that popups will snap to.
// 0 makes no grid, anything else will cause a snap to that grid spacing.
if (typeof ol_snapx == 'undefined') { var ol_snapx = 0; }

// Vertical grid spacing that popups will snap to.
// 0 makes no grid, andthing else will cause a snap to that grid spacing.
if (typeof ol_snapy == 'undefined') { var ol_snapy = 0; }

// Sets the popups horizontal position to a fixed column.
// Anything above -1 will cause fixed position.
if (typeof ol_fixx == 'undefined') { var ol_fixx = -1; }

// Sets the popups vertical position to a fixed row.
// Anything above -1 will cause fixed position.
if (typeof ol_fixy == 'undefined') { var ol_fixy = -1; }

// Background image for the popups inside.
if (typeof ol_fgbackground == 'undefined') { var ol_fgbackground = ""; }

// Background image for the popups frame.
if (typeof ol_bgbackground == 'undefined') { var ol_bgbackground = ""; }

// How much horizontal left padding text should get by default when BACKGROUND is used.
if (typeof ol_padxl == 'undefined') { var ol_padxl = 1; }

// How much horizontal right padding text should get by default when BACKGROUND is used.
if (typeof ol_padxr == 'undefined') { var ol_padxr = 1; }

// How much vertical top padding text should get by default when BACKGROUND is used.
if (typeof ol_padyt == 'undefined') { var ol_padyt = 1; }

// How much vertical bottom padding text should get by default when BACKGROUND is used.
if (typeof ol_padyb == 'undefined') { var ol_padyb = 1; }

// If the user by default must supply all html for complete popup control.
// Set to 1 to activate, 0 otherwise.
if (typeof ol_fullhtml == 'undefined') { var ol_fullhtml = 0; }

// Default vertical position of the popup. Default should normally be BELOW.
// ABOVE only works when HEIGHT is defined.
if (typeof ol_vpos == 'undefined') { var ol_vpos = BELOW; }

// Default height of popup to use when placing the popup above the cursor.
if (typeof ol_aboveheight == 'undefined') { var ol_aboveheight = 0; }

// Default icon to place next to the popups caption.
if (typeof ol_caption == 'undefined') { var ol_capicon = ""; }

// Default frame. We default to current frame if there is no frame defined.
if (typeof ol_frame == 'undefined') { var ol_frame = self; }

// Default timeout. By default there is no timeout.
if (typeof ol_timeout == 'undefined') { var ol_timeout = 0; }

// Default javascript funktion. By default there is none.
if (typeof ol_function == 'undefined') { var ol_function = Function(); }

// Default timeout. By default there is no timeout.
if (typeof ol_delay == 'undefined') { var ol_delay = 0; }

// If overLIB should decide the horizontal placement.
if (typeof ol_hauto == 'undefined') { var ol_hauto = 0; }

// If overLIB should decide the vertical placement.
if (typeof ol_vauto == 'undefined') { var ol_vauto = 0; }



// If the user has to click to close stickies.
if (typeof ol_closeclick == 'undefined') { var ol_closeclick = 0; }

// This variable determines if you want to use CSS or inline definitions.
// CSSOFF=no CSS    CSSSTYLE=use CSS inline styles    CSSCLASS=use classes
if (typeof ol_css == 'undefined') { var ol_css = CSSOFF; }

// Main background class (eqv of fgcolor)
// This is only used if CSS is set to use classes (ol_css = CSSCLASS)
if (typeof ol_fgclass == 'undefined') { var ol_fgclass = ""; }

// Frame background class (eqv of bgcolor)
// This is only used if CSS is set to use classes (ol_css = CSSCLASS)
if (typeof ol_bgclass == 'undefined') { var ol_bgclass = ""; }

// Main font class
// This is only used if CSS is set to use classes (ol_css = CSSCLASS)
if (typeof ol_textfontclass == 'undefined') { var ol_textfontclass = ""; }

// Caption font class
// This is only used if CSS is set to use classes (ol_css = CSSCLASS)
if (typeof ol_captionfontclass == 'undefined') { var ol_captionfontclass = ""; }

// Close font class
// This is only used if CSS is set to use classes (ol_css = CSSCLASS)
if (typeof ol_closefontclass == 'undefined') { var ol_closefontclass = ""; }

// Unit to be used for the text padding above
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
// Options include "px", "%", "in", "cm" and more
if (typeof ol_padunit == 'undefined') { var ol_padunit = "px";}

// Unit to be used for height of popup
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
// Options include "px", "%", "in", "cm" and more
if (typeof ol_heightunit == 'undefined') { var ol_heightunit = "px";}

// Unit to be used for width of popup
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
// Options include "px", "%", "in", "cm" and more
if (typeof ol_widthunit == 'undefined') { var ol_widthunit = "px";}

// Font size unit for the main text
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_textsizeunit == 'undefined') { var ol_textsizeunit = "px";}

// Decoration of the main text ("none", "underline", "line-through" or "blink")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_textdecoration == 'undefined') { var ol_textdecoration = "none";}

// Font style of the main text ("normal" or "italic")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_textstyle == 'undefined') { var ol_textstyle = "normal";}

// Font weight of the main text ("normal", "bold", "bolder", "lighter", ect.)
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_textweight == 'undefined') { var ol_textweight = "normal";}

// Font size unit for the caption
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_captionsizeunit == 'undefined') { var ol_captionsizeunit = "px";}

// Decoration of the caption ("none", "underline", "line-through" or "blink")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_captiondecoration == 'undefined') { var ol_captiondecoration = "none";}

// Font style of the caption ("normal" or "italic")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_captionstyle == 'undefined') { var ol_captionstyle = "normal";}

// Font weight of the caption ("normal", "bold", "bolder", "lighter", ect.)
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_captionweight == 'undefined') { var ol_captionweight = "bold";}

// Font size unit for the close text
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_closesizeunit == 'undefined') { var ol_closesizeunit = "px";}

// Decoration of the close text ("none", "underline", "line-through" or "blink")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_closedecoration == 'undefined') { var ol_closedecoration = "none";}

// Font style of the close text ("normal" or "italic")
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_closestyle == 'undefined') { var ol_closestyle = "normal";}

// Font weight of the close text ("normal", "bold", "bolder", "lighter", ect.)
// Only used if CSS inline styles are being used (ol_css = CSSSTYLE)
if (typeof ol_closeweight == 'undefined') { var ol_closeweight = "normal";}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ARRAY CONFIGURATION
// You don't have to change anything here if you don't want to. The following
// arrays can be filled with text and html if you don't wish to pass it from
// your html page.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

var ol_caps = new Array("BLANK",
"Narrator of &#39;The Black Cat&#39;",
"Pluto",
"Narrator of &#39;The Fall of the House of Usher&#39;",
"Roderick Usher",
"Prince Prospero",
"Narrator named P.",
"Valdemar",
"Narrator of &#39;The Premature Burial&#39;",
"Narrator of &#39;MS Found in a Bottle&#39;",
"Narrator of &#39;A Tale of the Ragged Mountains&#39;",
"Augustus Bedloe",
"Doctor Templeton",
"Narrator of &#39;The Sphinx&#39;",
"Narrator of &#39;The Murders at the Rue Morgue&#39; and &#39;The Purloined Letter&#39;",
"C. Auguste Dupin",
"Narrator of &#39;The Tell-Tale Heart&#39;",
"Old Man from &#39;The Tell-Tale Heart&#39;",
"Walter Legrand",
"Narrator of &#39;The Gold-Bug&#39;",
"Narrator of &#39;The System of Dr. Tarr and Prof. Fether&#39;",
"Monsieur Maillard",
"Narrator of &#39;The Man That Was Used Up&#39;",
"Brevet Brigadier-General John A.B.C. Smith ",
"Thomas Monck Mason",
"Harrison Ainsworth",
"Old man from &#39;Descent into the Maelstrom&#39;",
"Narrator of &#39;The Pit and the Pendulum&#39;",
"Montresor",
"Fortunato",
"Wife from &#39;The Black Cat&#39;",
"Madeline Usher",
"Ethelred",
"Friends of Prospero",
"Doctors D--- and F---",
"Theodore L---l",
"Congressman&#146;s wife",
"Mademoiselle Victorine Lafourcade",
"Monsieur Renelle",
"Julien Bossuet",
"Officer of the artillery",
"Mr. Edward Stapleton",
"Captain",
"Oldeb",
"Warren Hastings",
"Host",
"Chantilly",
"Mademoiselle Camille L&#146;Espanaye",
"Madame L&#146;Espanaye",
"Adolphe Le Bon",
"Vidocq",
"G--, The Parisian Prefect of Police",
"Sailor",
"Jupiter",
"Newfoundland dog",
"Three policemen",
"Lieutenant G--",
"Captain Kidd",
"Woman",
"Monsieur De Kock",
"Mademoiselle Laplace",
"Madame Joyeuse",
"Eugenie Salsafette",
"Friend of Brigadier-General John Smith",
"Miss Tabitha T.",
"Reverend Doctor Drummummupp",
"Miss Arabella Cognoscenti",
"Miss Miranda Cognoscenti",
"Climax",
"Kathleen O&#146;Trump",
"Captain Mann",
"Miss Pirouette",
"Mr. Theodore Sinivate",
"Pompey",
"Robert Holland",
"Mr. Henson",
"Sir Everard Bringhurst",
"Mr. Forsyth",
"Mr. Osborne, nephew of Lord Bentinck",
"Two sailors from Woolwich",
"Charles Green",
"Narrator from &#39;A Descent into the Maelstrom&#39;",
"Elder and younger brother of the old man",
"Marie Roget",
"Royal personage",
"Minister D---",
"General Lasalle",
"Men wearing black robes",
"Pen knife",
"Gallows",
"House of Usher",
"Red Death",
"Ebony clock",
"Pierre Jean de Beranger",
"Mesmerism",
"Harlaem, NY",
"Passage of the Beresina",
"Earthquake of Lisbon",
"Black Hole of Calcutta",
"Plague of London",
"Massacre of St. Bartholomew",
"Baltimore, Maryland",
"Chirurgical Journal of Leipsic",
"Galvanic battery",
"Catalepsy",
"Richmond, Virginia",
"Buchan",
"Night Thoughts",
"Carathis",
"Afrasiab ",
"Atys by Quinault",
"Pyrrhonism",
"Batavia, Java",
"Phosphorescent fish and seaweed",
"Balbec, Tadmor, and Persepolis",
"Mercator&#146;s maps",
"Charlottesville, Virginia",
"Saratoga, Virginia",
"Morphine",
"Ragged Mountains",
"Arabian Tales",
"Calcutta",
"Cholera epidemic",
"Death&#146;s-headed Sphinx",
"Sir Thomas Browne",
"Draughts",
"Whist",
"Hoyle",
"Orion",
"Razor",
"Cuvier",
"Ourang-Outang",
"Borneo",
"Goddess Laverna",
"Rue Morgue",
"Rousseau",
"Eye",
"Lantern",
"Heart",
"Arthur Murphy",
"Charleston, South Carolina",
"Sullivan&#146;s Island",
"Fort Moultrie",
"Beetle, or scarab",
"Tulip tree",
"Paper",
"Skull",
"New Orleans, Louisiana",
"Huguenot Family",
"Paris, France",
"Maison de Sante",
"Vincenzo Bellini",
"System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether",
"Yankee Doodle",
"Cape of Good Hope",
"Bugaboo Indians",
"Kickapoo Indians",
"Pierre Corneille&#39;s Le Cid",
"Shakespeare&#146;s Othello",
"Man-Fred",
"Man-Friday",
"Nassau balloon",
"Victoria",
"New York Sun",
"Polytechnic Institution",
"Archimedean screw",
"Willis&#146; Rooms",
"Adelaide Gallery",
"Guide rope",
"Wheal-Vor House",
"Bristol Channel",
"Cotopaxi",
"Joseph Glanville",
"Well of Democritus",
"Norway",
"Helseggen",
"Vurrgh",
"Moskoe",
"Maelstrom (also called the &#39;Moskoestrom&#39;)",
"Niagara Falls",
"Jonas Ramus",
"Lofoden Point",
"Encyclopedia Britannica",
"Kircher",
"Water cask",
"Archimedes&#146; &#39;De Incidentibus in Fluido&#39;",
"Seneca",
"Abernethy",
"Jacob Bryant",
"Green-tinted spectacles",
"Snuffbox",
"Atree by Crebillon",
"Catalani",
"Jacobin Club House",
"Toledo, Spain",
"Father Time",
"Pendulum",
"Pit",
"Spanish Inquisition",
"Carnival Season",
"Nitre (saltpeter)",
"Astrolabe ring");

// Array with texts.
var ol_texts = new Array("BLANK",
"Claiming himself to be an animal lover, his story is a confession of how he came to murder his wife because of a cat.  He drinks alcohol heavily, but he blames the black cat for what has happened, rather than himself; he owns his own house and, as such, appears to be a fairly wealthy man.  He dies the morning after telling the tale.  ",
"The black cat so despised by the Narrator.  Although he claimed to love Pluto at first, one day he stabs a penknife into the cat&#146;s eye after returning home in a drunken stupor.  Later, he hangs the cat from a tree by the neck, although his house burns down soon after.  The narrator assumes Pluto to have supernatural powers and, eventually, he finds a cat that looks similar and becomes afraid that this cat is Pluto returned from the grave to haunt him; when his wife tries to stop him from slicing the second Pluto with an ax, he slices her instead.  The cat is accidentally buried alive with the murdered wife, and its meowing draws the police to this hiding spot.  ",
"A friend of Roderick Usher from their schooldays, the narrator visits Roderick&#146;s house after hearing unsettling news that his friend needs to be comforted.  Their, he encourages Roderick to read and play music, activities that lift him out of his depression because of Madeline&#146;s illness.  After Madeline dies, however, Roderick becomes very afraid however, which also infects the Narrator, although he had been skeptical that there was anything to be afraid of there.  He hurriedly flees when the House of Usher crumbles down into the earth, soon after Roderick Usher is attacked by an angry, living Madeline.   ",
"A old friend of the Narrator from their schooldays, although the Narrator no longer knows him that well.  Sullen and shy, the Roderick believes that the House of Usher in which he resides is a living creature; he is depressed because he and his twin sister, Madeline, are the last surviving members of the Usher family.  The Narrator&#146;s presence comforts him until the death of Madeline, and then Roderick is overcome with grief that the Usher line is nearly ended.  When Madeline attacks him in anger for burying her alive, the Narrator flees.  Just as Roderick had said, the House seems to come alive, crumbling apart and falling into the earth, along with the presumably murdered Roderick and deceased Madeline, the last of the House of Usher.",
"A great prince of an unnamed kingdom, Prospero hides from the suffering outside in his kingdom from the Red Death by inviting one thousand friends to live in the sanctity of his palace.  No one comes in or leaves, to avoid the disease from getting inside.  There, Prospero hosts wild masquerade parties, designing an elaborate system of colored rooms in which these events take place.  He is rather arrogant to think that he can escape the Red Death, as he discovers one day when a figure resembling a victim of the Red Death enters the palace and, when Prospero angrily attempts to stab this figure with a knife, he immediately drops dead.  The same fate soon befalls his partygoers, and the Red Death proves to be inescapable for even a wealthy Prince. ",
"This Narrator P. claims to be a physician who has a great interest in Mesmerism.  His story describes a Mesmeric experiment he conducted upon a man named Valdemar from Harlaem, in the moments before his death.  The Narrator was able to hold Valdemar in a trance for several months, delaying his death.  Finally, when the Narrator does release Valdemar from the trance, his body immediately decomposes.  The Narrator also invokes various pieces of factual scientific information, in order to make his story seem more credible.",
"A resident of Harlaem, NY, and a well-known scholar.  Upon discovering that he has a terminal illness, Valdemar eagerly agrees to assist the Narrator in a Mesmeric experiment to analyze how a trance will affect the process of dying.  Upon entering the trance, Valdemar mutters various words, and he lays in such a state for several months.  Eventually, Valdemar mutters that he &#39;is dead&#39; and demands to be awakened.  When the Narrator does this, Valdemar immediately decomposes into a pile of body fluids.   ",
"A wealthy man overwhelmed by his own fear of being buried alive.  The Narrator first relates numerous instances when people were mistakenly buried alive, and then he describes how he installed safeguards in his tomb to prevent this from happening to him.  One day, he awakens feeling trapped, his face covered, and assumes that he has been buried alive!  Soon he realizes that he has merely fallen asleep on a boat, and from this experience he learns not to live his life in constant fear and abandons his earlier worries, living life to its fullest without being afraid to stray far from his home like before.  ",
"A self-professed skeptic, this man describes his entire life story, that he does not easily believe in religion or supernatural events; he is a man of science.  An antiques dealer who travels widely, the Narrator&#146;s story is found written down on paper encased in a bottle from the sea.  A journey beginning in Java leads to his coming aboard a strange ship that sails to the South Pole, where a mighty whirlpool consumes the ship.  The Narrator&#146;s story in hurled into the sea at the last moments before the ship&#146;s descent, and his exact fate or whereabouts are unknown.  ",
"This Narrator from Charlottesville was friends with Augustus Bedloe and Doctor Templeton for awhile; he relates the strange Mesmeric relationship that exists between these two men, as Templeton easily controls the sickly Bedloe.  One day, Bedloe disappears and upon his return, describes an odd occurrence where he traveled back in time to an earlier life and died.  Soon after that, Bedloe himself does die when Templeton accidentally treats him with poisonous leeches.  The Narrator is mystified and confused by these unexplainable events.",
"A sickly man from a wealthy family, enabling him to hire a full-time physician to treat his unknown illness.  Augustus Templeton is completely controlled by Doctor Templeton, who can make Bedloe&#146;s body move by using his mind.  One day Bedloe has an odd experience in the Ragged Mountains outside of Charlottesville, and Templeton admits that Bedloe resembles a man whom he had once befriended but who had died.  Judging from Bedloe&#146;s experience, he remembered this event from the previous life, for he and Templeton&#145;s friend are one and the same -- he has been reincarnated.  Soon after, Bedloe dies when Templeton mistakenly treats him with poisonous leeches.      ",
"A skilled doctor and student of Mesmerism, who first met Augustus Bedloe in Saratoga, Virginia.  Templeton was drawn to Bedloe because he resembled his old friend Oldeb so closely.  Templeton conducts Mesmeric experiments on Bedloe until he gains total control over him.  Many years before in India, Templeton failed to save Oldeb from death, and after Bedloe tells about his adventure in the Ragged Mountains, triggering a memory from an earlier life, Templeton accidentally kills Bedloe by treating him with poisoned leeches. ",
"A man overcome by his fear of Death because a cholera epidemic is spreading through New York City, where he resides.  A kind family member invites him to visit his home outside of the city for awhile, to ease some of these worries.  Even there, the Narrator mistakes a tiny bug for an enormous monster crawling down the hillside to take his life away.  Even though this is proven wrong by his host, the Narrator remains petrified. ",
"A wealthy man who agrees to allow Auguste Dupin live with him for free, because Dupin is such a fascinating individual.  The Narrator allows himself to become absorbed by Dupin, reading throughout the daylight hours and taking walks at night.  In many ways, Dupin is his intellectual mentor, teaching the Narrator how to use his analytical abilities.  The Narrator listens patiently to Dupin&#146;s elaborate explanations of how he solves first the murder mystery at Rue Morgue, and also recovers a stolen letter several years later.  The Narrator is never directly involved in these operations and is left in the dark  until Dupin reveals his methodology to him.  The Narrator is a relative observer to apparent Dupin&#146;s majesty and brilliance.  ",
"A brilliant man who is creative but also analytical, much like the Minister D-- who is a poet and a mathematician.  Dupin is highly observant and enjoys having the Narrator around as an audience to his abilities, and also to pay for his lodging, since Dupin himself somehow lost all of the money he had.  The relationship is equal, as the Narrator provides material comforts and Dupin provides intellectual ones; they compliment each other, and Auguste enjoys the mentoring role.  He is also very arrogant, showing disdain for those who are not as observant or skilled as he is, particularly the Parisian Prefect of Police.  Dupin never admits any mistakes of his own, thus contributing to his inflated ego.  He regains wealth once more as a reward from the Prefect after obtaining the &#39;purloined letter&#39; back from the unsuspecting Minister D---.",
"A psychotic man who murders his roommate, an old man, because the old man&#146;s eyes frighten him.  He then cuts up the old man and buries his body under the floorboards.  What he then perceives to be the incessant beating of the old man&#146;s heart is the beating of his own, because the old man is very dead.  The police arrive, and the Narrator acts nonchalant, before he maniacally confesses the murder due to the heartbeat he hears.  He reasserts his sanity again and again, insisting to the reader that he is not a madman at all.    ",
"A kindly old man who trusted the Narrator to take care of him and help him out.  During the evenings, the Narrator watched this Old Man while he slept, plotting to murder him because his eye scares the Narrator.  One night he makes noise and the Old Man awakens, at which the Narrator soon lunges upon him, suffocating him under the bed.  The Old Man is then cut into pieces and stored beneath the floor, until the Narrator admits to police that he murdered the Old Man, because he thinks that they can hear the Old Man&#145;s heart beating throughout the room, even though it is in fact his own.  ",
"An eccentric resident of Sullivan&#146;s Island near Charleston, South Carolina and student of shells.  Legrand&#146;s name means &#39;The Great,&#39; and he is from an old French family based in New Orleans, although he had fled there due to financial worries.  Walter Legrand acts strangely after discovering a Gold-Bug on the island and takes it back to his tiny shack; his black servant, Jupiter, thinks that Legrand has some illness because he sneaks around during the day, but eventually Legrand reveals himself to be a brilliant man who discovers the long lost treasure of Captain Kidd, due to the manual labor provided by the Narrator and Jupiter.  In doing so, Walter Legrand relieves those financial worries that had initially caused him to flee New Orleans.",
"An acquaintance of Walter Legrand from Charleston, South Carolina.  The Narrator is very skeptical of Legrand&#146;s behavior just like Jupiter, thinking that Legrand has gone insane because of his odd behavior.  The Narrator helps Legrand decipher the map unknowingly when he points out that there is an image on the parchment that Legrand did not even draw, which appeared after the dog jumped on him, and he held the parchment closely to the fire.  Later, the Narrator helps to dig up the treasure and gets a share of these riches for himself as well, proving that he was wrong in judging Legrand to be mentally ill.  ",
"A French physician from Paris who spontaneously decides to visit a famous &#39;Maison de Sante&#39; in southern France.  There, the Narrator mistakenly believes that Monsieur Maillard and his guests are really sane people, even though these individuals are psychiatric patients who have taken over the hospital and imprisoned the real hospital staff.  At one point Maillard indirectly refers to the Narrator as a &#39;stupid-looking gentleman,&#39; and even after the truth is revealed, the Narrator searches for work by Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether, even though it&#146;s obvious Maillard was just referring to how he had tarred and feathered the hospital&#146;s staff.  This clueless narrator is perceived as a subtle satire of Charles Dickens, whom Poe eventually disliked.  ",
"Once the director of the &#39;Maison de Sante&#39; in southern France which used the famous &#39;soothing system,&#39; Maillard has since gone insane himself and became the hospital&#146;s patient.  The Narrator does not suspect this, assuming Maillard to have always been the director; Maillard led the successful rebellion against the hospital staff, and he instituted the new &#39;system of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether,&#39; referring to how he tarred and feather the hospital&#146;s employees, confining them.  Maillard is overthrown again by the hospital staff during the Narrator&#146;s visit, and peace is restored with the reinstatement of this &#39;soothing system.&#39;  Maillard thinks that the Narrator is a very stupid person.     ",
"This frustrated Narrator from an unnamed place seeks to discover more about John Smith by conducting an investigation.  He asks many different individuals about Smith, because he has the feeling that Smith has some secret that he&#146;s concealing.  After asking people from church, the theater, and at a dinner party, he goes to Smith&#146;s house himself.  There, he discovers that Smith is almost entirely made out of fabricated body parts, because he has been so badly injured during his wars with the Kickapoo and Bugaboo Indians.  Satisfied, the Narrator&#146;s frustration immediately goes away. ",
"A mighty war hero whose features appear to be so perfect that it seems too good to be true.  His hair is perfect, he has broad shoulders and a melodic voice, beautiful eyes, and his moustache is trimmed perfectly.  The Narrator discovers that this image is fake, indeed, because Smith&#146;s body has been so badly damaged during his fierce battles with the Bugaboo and Kickapoo Indians.  Everyone seems to know Smith&#146;s secret except for the Narrator, and nobody really likes to talk about it because it unsettles them.  Without his mechanisms, John Smith is just a &#39;large bundle,&#39; which the Narrator kicked out of his way upon entering Smith&#146;s bedroom.  This bundle does not even appear to be of a human form, for he is all used up.  ",
"A historical figure and famous balloon aviator who sailed in the &#39;Nassau Balloon&#39; from London to Germany in 1836 along with Robert Holland and Charles Green.  Poe pretends that Thomas Monck Mason is writing much of this tale in the form of diary entries to give the tale more credibility, mimicking the narrative style Monck had employed in his Account of the Late Aeronautical Expedition from London to Weilburg.  Mason is the man in charge of this supposed balloon flight across the Atlantic Ocean, as he is the chief designer of this balloon as well.  Monck&#146;s supposed words in &#39;The Balloon-Hoax&#39; simply describe changes in the weather, the condition of the balloon, and general details of their feelings during the journey before landing on Sullivan&#146;s Island.    ",
"A historical figure who was born in 1805 and died in 1882, Ainsworth was a popular writer of &#39;historical romances.&#39;  Jack Sheppard, published in 1839, portrays a fugitive running from the law seeking to prove his innocence; Ainsworth was also well-acquainted with Charles Dickens, whom Poe had some correspondence with.  Poe makes Ainsworth a part of this tale to gove it credibility, as with the addition of Monck Mason.  Ainsworth provides a more &#39;creative&#39; description of events to contrast the technical details related by Mason, creating the same duality as is embodied in Poe&#146;s Auguste Dupin, uniting the &#39;analytical&#39; with the &#39;creative,&#39; the mathematician and the poet.  ",
"An old Norwegian fisherman whose two brothers drowned in the Moskoestrom, although he managed to escape from the sea through his own ingenuity.  None of the other fishermen believe his fantastic tale however, nor does he expect the Narrator to believe him either.  He has children of his own now, but his body is horribly damaged from the horror nearly drowning in the sea, and his hair has turned from black to white.  ",
"Presumably a Frenchman, the Narrator is imprisoned by judges in Toledo, Spain, as part of the Inquisition.  He describes his explorations of his prison, where he nearly falls into a large pit, but then later he is tied up beneath a swinging blade that shall soon cut him.  His ingenuity saves him, as the hungry rats chew through his bindings while devouring the meat juices the Narrator has spread upon it.  Then the walls come together and force him into the pit, until he is saved at the last possible moment by a French general, who catches his hand as he falls. ",
"Presumably an Italian, Montresor is overcome with hatred for Fortunato because he does not treat him as an equal.  Monstresor claims that Fortunato has insulted him countless time, and now he will have his revenge, wishing to have &#39;freedom from impunity,&#39; or &#39;punishment.&#39;  A wealthy man, Monstresor seeks social equality from the arrogant Fortunato, who refuses to give this to him.  Luring Fortunato to his home with promises that he can taste test his Amontillado wine, Monstresor then chains Fortunato to a far wall underneath his home where there are poisonous fumes from saltpeter, and then he buried him inside of the wall there.  Joyfully, Monstresor declares that nobody has found Fortunato&#146;s body, even after fifty years.  He obtained his revenge, and he did not receive any punishment for this murder either.",
"An arrogant Italian who drinks alcohol heavily, especially wine.  This is the weakness that Monstresor exploits in his plot to murder Fortunato to avenge the many injuries that Fortunato has committed against him.  Fortunato does not suspect his plan at all, selfishly wishing only to have the Amontillado.  Upon realizing what Monstresor has planned for him as his is being buried behind the wall, a sober Fortunato pleads with Monstresor to release him, but it is already too late.  Rather than forgive Fortunato, Monstresor decides nevertheless to take away this arrogant man&#146;s  life, declaring simply, even fifty years later, &#39;May he rest in peace.&#39;  ",
"The Narrator&#146;s wife tolerates her husband&#146;s excessive drinking habits, even after he stabbed Pluto&#146;s eye with a penknife.  She is later chopped by an ax when she tries to save their second cat from being slain, and her body is buried in the basement&#146;s wall.",
"The twin sister of Roderick Usher.  She suffers from some terminal illness which no doctor can cure and, upon being placed in a tomb after she dies, this woman returns to kill Roderick, since she apparently was not dead yet at all!  Roderick and Madeline are pulled beneath the earth with the collapsing house, presumably to die together.  ",
"A fictitious character from a fictitious book called Mad Trist by a fictitious author named Sir Launcelot Canning.  A &#39;trist&#39; or &#39;tryst&#39; is a meeting between people.  In the story this Narrator reads from, Ethelred was meeting a hermit initially, who transforms into a dragon, whom Ethelred slays.  The book&#146;s title, meaning then &#39;The insane meeting,&#39; would be applied to Roderick&#146;s situation with Madeline, whom he patiently awaits at his chamber&#145;s door.   ",
"One thousand friends of this Prince Prospero who are invited within the gates of his palace to escape the Red Death that rages outside.  Every night they dress up and have wild parties, but the Red Death enters the palace nevertheless, and all of these friends then quickly die.  ",
"Two doctors who are invited to participate in the Narrator&#146;s experiment upon the dying Valdemar by holding him in a Mesmeric trance.  These doctors depart on Saturday and return on Sunday, surprised to see that Valdemar, although suspended, is still living.    ",
"A medical student presumably from New York City, Theodore joins the Narrator around eight o&#146;clock in the evening after the doctors leave.  Later, when Valdemar utters aloud that he is dead, Theodore faints, falling onto the floor in shock. ",
"This woman died and was buried in her family tomb.  Three years later, upon reopening the tomb they found her skeletal remains near the doorway, revealing that she had been buried alive and put up a vain struggle to escape from this tomb. ",
"A woman who married Monsieur Renelle for his money instead of Julien Bossuet, but Renelle treated her badly.  Eventually, she died and was buried beneath the ground.  A grieving Julien dug up her grave to have a lock of her hair, only to discover that she was really alive!  Victorine escapes with Julien to America and returned to France after many years, where the courts ruled that she was no longer obligated to live with Renelle, because she had been gone for so long.  Her love with Julien is legitimized.  ",
"A wicked but wealthy man who treats his wife poorly and mistakenly has her buried alive in the ground.  Twenty years later, he tries to force Victorine to live with him again but the judges declare that their marriage is nullified because it has been so long.",
"A virtuous man who never lost his love for Victorine, even when she married Renelle instead of him.  He accidentally saves Victorine from certain death after digging up her buried body for a lock of hair.  The two travel to America and return to France after many years, their mutual love untainted.",
"A man spoken about in The Chirurgical Journal of Leipsic who appeared to be dead after falling off of his horse.  He was buried beneath the ground, but while there he regained consciousness and started screaming; someone heard his cries, and coffin was soon dug up, and he appeared to be fine.  Unfortunately, after later tests with the galvanic battery, he somehow died after his body had an adverse reaction to it.",
"A young lawyer who appeared to die because of typhus fever.  After his body as stolen by dishonest doctors who wanted to conduct experiments on it, Edward Stapleton regained complete consciousness and was perfectly healthy!  ",
"This captain of the Narrator&#146;s ship decides to cast anchor after leaving Java because of a storm.  This turns out to be a terrible idea, because huge waters then pour over the ship, drowning nearly everyone on board, including the captain.  Only the Narrator and an old Swede survive.  ",
"An old friend of Doctor Templeton who served with him in the army during the administration of Warren Hastings in India.  He died during an uprising, however, and his spirit was later reincarnated as Augustus Bedloe, whom Templeton was immediately drawn to because of his resemblance to Oldeb, also spelled by reversing Bedloe.  ",
"A historical figure from British history, Warren Hastings (1732-1818) was the governor of Britain&#146;s colonial territory in India from 1774-1784.  Poe includes him to provide a sense of factual immediacy to his tale, and the fictitious Oldeb was a military officer under Hastings&#146; command.  Hastings did actually repel this factual uprising in which Oldeb was slain by the natives&#145; arrows.",
"A relative of the Narrator who lives outside of New York City near the Hudson River who invites the Narratir to his home to escape the cholera epidemic.  His sommon sense overshadows that of the Narrator, who believes that a tiny insect is a monster coming to take hi life.  This host points out that it is only an insect, after briefly reading about it out loud from a book.  ",
"A short actor in the opera Xerxes, whom Dupin and the Narrator believe to be poorly cast in his role.  The opera is about this Persian king&#146;s attack against Athens.  ",
"A brutally murdered woman who resides on the Rue Morgue.  Her body was found decapitated on the street after it was thrown out of the window of her home.  She had just withdrawn four thousand francs from the bank shortly before she was murdered, but this money was left at the murder scene, untouched by any intruders.  Her death baffles the Parisian police.",
"The young daughter of Mademoiselle L&#146;Espanaye, who resided with her mother at the Rue Morgue.  Her body, too, was found brutally murdered with bruises on her neck and her body stuffed up the chimney.  ",
"A man falsely accused of murdering the L&#39;Espanaye women, because he has been the clerk who accompanied the older woman home from the bank with her large sum of money.  Desperate for a suspect, the police arrest him.  Dupin admits that Le Bon is a friend of his, and he is eager to see this man freed from all charges against him. ",
"Eugene Francois Vidocq was a historical figure upon whom Dupin&#146;s character is based.  A lifetime criminal, Vidocq (1775-1857) eventually was released from prison with the help of Parisian authorities and was hired as the Prefect of police in 1811 due to his wit and understanding of the criminal world.  After working for many years in this capacity, he resigned his position after a number of scandals emerged, among those being accusations that he was responsible for committing many of the crimes that he supposedly solved.  Dupin criticizes Vidocq in &#39;The Murders at the Rue Morgue&#39; for having certain personality flaws.  As always, Auguste Dupin is better than everyone else. ",
"The Parisian chief of police.  Dupin disdains this man for his shallow investigative abilities, going so far as to arrest Adolphe Le Bon.  G-- is angry when Dupin solves the Rue Morgue murders, declaring that he must mind his own business.  In &#39;The Purloined Letter,&#39; he is shallow as well, paying Dupin fifty thousand francs for the restoration of a letter his police had been searching for over a period of months.  The Prefect is so happy to get the letter that he doesn&#146;t even thank Dupin for helping him. ",
"The owner of a runaway Ourang-Outang that he had captured in Borneo.  When the monkey committed the murders before his eyes, the sailor fled in fear.  He goes to Dupin&#146;s home after reading Dupin&#146;s newspaper advertisement falsely declaring that he had captured a lost Ourang-Outang in Paris.  After confessing this, the sailor does soon recapture the animal on his own.",
"A black servant of Walter Legrand who resides with him on Sullivan&#146;s Island.  His name is also the Roman king of gods, forming quite a paradox for his own poor state of mind.  He is often the subject of ridicule because of his incessant worrying, thinking Legrand to be mentally ill.  Jupiter was once a slave, but even after he was freed by his master, he insisted on remaining with Walter to take care of him.  ",
"This large breed of dog startles the Narrator shortly upon entering the Legrand&#146;s shack on Sullivan&#146;s Island, causing him to put the parchment near the fire and illuminating the hidden ink that describes Captain Kidd&#146;s treasure.  Later, the dog breaks free of his rope and digs the last few bits of soil to reveal the skeletal remains of one of Kidd&#146;s men.  In tune with the humor of this story, the dog is probably drawn to those buried bones.  ",
"These three policemen investigate a neighbor&#146;s noise complaint about the apartment shared by the Narrator and the old man.  They are nearly prepared to depart, convinced that everything is fine, when the Narrator screams aloud that the old man is buried beneath the floor.  He assumes that the policemen can hear the old man&#146;s heart beating, even though only he can hear this beating of his own heart.  At this, the police undoubtedly uncover the dead body and take the Narrator into custody.",
"An officer on Sullivan&#146;s Island from Fort Moultrie.  Legrand allows Lietenant G-- to borrow the gold-bug that he discovers, and he thus has to wait until the next day to get it back from him and show the Narrator.  ",
"A famous historical figure known for his work as a protector of ships from pirates, but then he decided to become a pirate himself.  Born in Scotland in 1645, William Kidd later moved to New York in America.  He would attack all sorts of merchant ships stealing and secretly reselling merchandise.  Eventually, he sought protection from the colonial governor of New York after traveling to America from the West Indies, but this man sent him to go on trial and be executed in England.  Legends abound of Kidd&#146;s treasure buried along the East Coast before, much of which was never recovered, aside from some which was found hidden on Long Island.  Poe uses this popular legend in his tale of &#39;The Gold-Bug,&#39; suggesting that Kidd&#146;s treasure is hidden on Sullivan&#146;s Island.",
"A strange and beautiful woman elegantly wears mourning clothes upon the Narrator&#146;s entrance into the Maison de Sante.  Maillard declares that she is in fact his niece and not a patient at all.  ",
"This dinner guest makes a scene when he eagerly describes an asylum patient who thought he was a donkey, which he then begins to enact.  De Kock&#146;s eagerness in explaining this man behavior would suggest that this man is himself that very patient!",
"Laplace reminds guests at the dinner table, such as De Kock, to behave appropriately and not get carried away with their descriptions of former patients at the asylum.  Her name means &#39;The place.&#39;  ",
"A female dinner guest who describes one patient named Madame Joyeuse who thought she was a rooster.  This dinner guest then begins to crow loudly at the dinner table, until she is strictly reprimanded by Monsieur Maillard to behave properly.  Her last name means &#39;Happy.&#39;  ",
"The first woman dressed elegantly now dresses in clothes too big for her with a dirty cap unbefitting her beauty.  She eagerly describes a patient who used to always get undressed all of the time and then undresses herself at the dinner table.",
"This unnamed friend introduces the Narrator to John Smith, noting him to be a great and noble warrior.  He does not reveal Smith&#146;s secret to him, that most of his body is formed from fabricated mechanisms.  ",
"A woman whom the Narrator talks to at church about Smith.  Her words are cut off when the reverend&#146;s sermon begins, however.",
"This reverend&#146;s loud sermon about the shortness of human life prevents Tabitha from finishing her sentence about John Smith.",
"Arabella is Miranda&#146;s sister, and just when she is about to make an important statement to the Narrator about Smith while they&#146;re at the theater, the play begins, cutting off her words.  Her last name means in Latin, &#39;Knowing&#39; or &#39;Understanding.&#39;  In many ways, this mocks the narrator who seeks to know what she knows but cannot.",
"Miranda is Arabella&#146;s sister, and just when she is about to make an important statement to the Narrator about Smith while they&#146;re at the theater, the play begins, cutting off her words.  Her last name means in Latin, &#39;Knowing&#39; or &#39;Understanding.&#39;  In many ways, this mocks the narrator who seeks to know what she knows but cannot.",
"An actor who infuriates the Narrator because he screams his lines from Othello so loudly that the Narrator can&#146;t even hear what the Cognoscenti sisters are saying.  The Narrator then goes and beats Climax up as a punishment for being so loud.",
"Kathleen hosts a soiree (party) at her home after the play performance, and the Narrator asks her about John Smith.  She readily replies, until another guest interrupts their conversation and the frustrated Narrator storms away.  ",
"A female guest interrupts Kathleen O&#146;Trump to ask about Captain Mann.  Historically, Mann was a military officer in the early nineteenth century who established For Mann in Kansas (not far from the modern day Fort Leavenworth) to defend against the local Kickapoo Indians, who are discussed in this tale.  Poe probably mentions Mann to give his tale some historical immediacy for his readership.  ",
"A guest at O&#146;Trump&#146;s dinner party who is about to make some statement about Smith before the Narrator is called away by another woman to settle some intellectual debate.  Upon his return, Pirouette is gone!",
"Sinivate has plenty of time to explain his impressions about John Smith, but he resists the Narrator&#146;s questioning.  He is evasive and willfully refuses to give the Narrator the answers about what secret Smith is hiding from him.  This suggests that everyone else, too, whom the Narrator had spoken too became distracted purposely so that they could avoid discussing this subject.  The fact that Smith is made mainly of fake body parts is an unsettling thought to them.",
"A black slave belonging to Brigadier-General John Smith.  Named after a great Roman general, Pompey assembles Smith&#145;s assorted fabricated body parts to help him get &#39;dressed&#39; during the morning of the Narrator&#146;s visit.  Observing this in progress, the Narrator&#146;s persisting confusion about Smith is dispelled at long last.",
"A famous aviator who accompanied Charles Green and Monck Mason during the Nassau balloon flight.  He also reportedly was onboard this fictitious trans-Atlantic balloon flight from Wales to Sullivan&#146;s Island.  ",
"William Henson designed a famous &#39;aerial steam engine&#39; in 1842, which was then out on display at the Adelaide Gallery (this is historical fact).  Poe also makes this man as a traveler aboard the his fictitious flying machine, Victoria, which supposedly landed on Sullivan&#146;s Island in South Carolina.",
"A fictitious gentleman, who plays little role other than supposedly being a scientist who can witness the majesty of Monck Mason&#146;s balloon, Victoria. ",
"Reportedly, this is the name of the informant from Charleston, South Carolina, who has put together this article about the nonexistent &#39;balloon landing.&#39;  One can assume that Forsyth&#146;s existence is as real as the rest of this story, i.e. not at all.",
"Lord Bentinck was a famous historical figure who was governor of Britain&#146;s colonial India territory from 1828-1835.  However, he did not have a nephew named &#39;Osbourne,&#39; so this is apparently another attempt by Poe to create immediacy for his readers, since Bentinck was undoubtedly well-known to American readers, since he had ended his position as governor only ten years before this tale&#146;s publication.",
"No explanation is given for their involvement in the trip of this balloon from Wales to Sullivan&#146;s Island.  Woolwich is a well-known town in England located on the Thames River, known as the site of the Royal Dockyard and the Royal Arsenal. ",
"Historically, Green (1785-1870) accompanied Robert Holland and Thomas Monck Mason on the Nassau flight from England to Germany in November of 1836.  He also invented the tail rope system which Poe describes in this tale, to conserve more gas by lifting or lowering the guide rope accordingly.  Historical reality is blended into Poe&#146;s work to make it believable.  ",
"An outsider who knows little about Norway&#146;s Moskoestrom.  The fisherman he meets there tells of his near-death experience, declaring that he does not expect the Narrator to believe his tale, because none of his fellow fisherman do.",
"The old man&#146;s younger brother drowns as soon as the storm throws waves across the boat, but the elder brother holds on for dear life.  Later, the elder brother forces the old man away from his hand hold at the Astrolabe ring, choosing to save himself rather than working with his brother for a solution.  The old man thus escapes alone, as his elder brother is pulled into the Maelstrom along with their tiny boat.",
"A character in another short story by Edgar Allan Poe, &#39;The Mystery of Marie Roget.&#39;  Auguste Dupin had received further fame for solving this murder mystery after the Rue Morgue murders.  Several years later, the Prefect asks for help yet again in recovering &#39;The Purloined Letter.&#39;",
"An unnamed woman of royalty whose family name begins with the letter &#39;S,&#39; from whom a scandalous letter was stolen by Minister D---.  As a result, he is blackmailing her, and she enlists the Prefect to retrieve it for her.  Having failed, the Prefect asks for Auguste Dupin&#146;s assistance, and in a rare display of loyalty, Dupin declares that in the end that he retrieved the letter to preserve her integrity.",
"A poet and a mathematician, the Minister D--- is a brilliant man, much like Auguste Dupin himself.  In many ways these two are very much alike, for they are both opportunists and disdain those who are weaker than them.  His combination of poet and mathematician reflects Dupin&#146;s own combination of the &#39;creative&#39; and &#39;analytical&#39; as described by the Narrator.  Once the Minister D--- had somehow beaten Dupin, and now Dupin reasserts himself and has his revenge by outsmarting him.  Heralding D--- as a man of ingenuity, Dupin nevertheless feels no pity for the fate that shall befall D--- when he discovers that his blackmail letter is gone.  Whereas D--- has used his brilliance to commit crime, so too had Dupin used his own brilliance for good purposes.",
"A French general who appears at the last moment to save the Narrator from plunging into the pit of his prison.  His name means &#39;The room&#39; in French.  ",
"Judges of the Spanish Inquisition.  These unnamed men pronounce a death sentence upon the narrator, carrying him down to a dark prison.  They are not seen again, although they are presumably responsible for strapping the Narrator down as he sleeps, leaving food and water for him, etc.  These men are attacked by the French army, and the Narrator is saved from their torturous cruelty.",
"The drunken Narrator used this small knife to stab Pluto&#146;s eye after returning home late one night.",
"A gallows is a structure used customarily to hang criminals.  The Narrator hung Pluto from a tree in his yard, and his house is engulfed in flames soon after.  In the wreckage of his house, a shadow resembling the cat hanging from the tree is visible.  His second cat has a white patch of fur underneath resembling a gallows, and when the Narrator&#146;s crime is discovered he is sentenced to death, presumably by being hung on a gallows as well.",
"This term refers to the &#39;Family of Usher,&#39; of which Madeline and Roderick are the last survivors.  In a literal sense, it also refers to the Usher family mansion, which collapses with the dying Roderick and Madeline Ushers.  Both Houses of Usher thus fall, as a family and an old structure die together.",
"A highly contagious disease, suggestive of the historical &#39;Black Death,&#39; the Red Death causes individuals to cough up blood, soon leading to internal bleeding and a rapid death.  Prospero hoped to escape the Red Death, but the disease, personified through the presence of a sinister figure, still somehow entered his palace, instantly infecting everyone within Prospero&#146;s palace.  The Red Death is superior to everything else, even Time itself.",
"The clock is in the blood-red room at the end of the corridor in Prospero&#146;s palace.  Whenever this black clock chimes, the revelers stop partying, as if struck by fear.  The clock remind them of their own mortality, that in spite of their revelry, their time is limited.  The black color is suggestive of death, and even Time itself stops at midnight, the end of the day, after the Red Death consumed everything. ",
"A contemporary French poet who lived from 1780-1857, during Poe&#146;s time. ",
"A movement begun by German physician Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), who believed that all objects have a natural &#39;animal magnetism&#39; between them.  According to his research, this magnetism could be used to heal people.  Doctor Templeton uses this method upon Bedloe in &#39;A Tale of the Ragged Mountains,&#39; and Mesmerism keeps Valdemar alive for many months, delaying his inevitable death.  Edgar Allan Poe was also personally very interested in Mesmer&#146;s research.",
"A town above Manhattan which, like the town of Fordham, had not yet been incorporated into the greater community of New York City.  Harlaem, or Harlem, is where Valdemar resides.",
"During Napoleon Bonaparte&#146;s invasion of Russia in November of1812, the French army eventually decided to retreat from Moscow.  To accomplish this, they had to cross the Beresina River, but the Russians had already destroyed the bridge!  Napoleon&#146;s men created a makeshift bridge to cross, but In the process of crossing many French were slain by Russians patiently waiting on the other side of the river.  ",
"A catastrophic earthquake that devastated the Portugese capital city of Lisbon on November 1, 1755.  ",
"A Bengalese leader captured the Indian city of Calcutta and Fort William in 1755, after which he imprisoned 156 men in a tiny dungeon.  The next morning, 123 of these men had suffocated due to the tiny space.  Recent studies suggest that these facts are exaggerated, but in Poe&#146;s day people no doubt based their opinions upon these events reported by survivor John Holwell, whom some say has distorted the facts.",
"The Black Death struck England with a violent epidemic in 1665, paralyzing the city and causing at least one hundred people to die in London alone during one year.",
"On August 24, 1572, Protestant worshippers were slain by at the order of the King Charles IX of France.  This massacre Began this day and continued for an entire week, during which over one hundred thousand people were slain by the French military.  Those who fled from France because of this persecution were called &#39;Huguenots,&#39; such as the ancestors of Walter Legrand in &#39;The Gold-Bug.&#39;  ",
"The capital city of Maryland.  Poe lived here with his Aunt Clemm and cousin Virginia soon after leaving West Point.",
"A chirurgical or &#39;surgical&#39; journal from the town of Leipsic in Germany.  This town is mentioned as having a group of notable physicians including Dr. Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), the founder of modern homeopathic medicine.  The fact that a medical journal was published in Leipsic is not clear, but it may be plausible.",
"A device used to send an electric charge through a person&#146;s body in order to observe the body&#146;s reaction.  The artillery officer died when he was experimented upon with this mechanism.",
"The Narrator is diagnosed with this psychosomatic disorder known as &#39;catalepsy&#39; in which the muscles become unusually tense or rigid, probably due to anxiety.  The Narrator&#146;s catalepsy disappears when he discards his fears of being buried alive. ",
"The capital city of Virginia founded in 1737 and place where Edgar Allan Poe spent most of his formative years as a child and an adolescent.",
"Scottish writer William Buchan (1729-1805) published a medical book in 1785 entitled Buchan&#146;s Domestic Medicine.  Presumably, the Narrator burns this book in suddenly dispelling all of his hypochondria.",
"A book by British novelist Edward Young published in 1742.  Its focus is primarily upon the deep contemplation of life, with the full title reading: Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality.",
"A character from William Beckford&#146;s The History of the Caliph Vathek, published in 1786.  Carathis is a wicked witch who casts spells on people; the Narrator&#146;s warning suggests that such frightened visions abound in everyone&#146;s mind, and we are not to explore such violent thoughts.",
"A character from Persian poet Firdausi&#146;s The Book of Kings.  Afrasiab is an evil sorcerer whom the Narrator compares himself to.  His fears will no longer surround him as Afrasiab surrounded himself with demons.  The Narrator wishes to be free.  ",
"A tragic opera by French poet Philippe Quinault and Jean-Baptiste Lully, which features a love story in which the hero Atys mistakenly murders his beloved Sangaride. ",
"The teachings of Greek philosopher Pyrrho (died circa 270 BC) that advise people to be skeptical of all things.  According to Pyrrhonism, there are no finite truths in the world.",
"The modern day city of Jarkarta, on Indonesia&#146;s island of Java, once called Batavia by the Dutch, who had conquered this territory in the Dutch East Indies from the Portuguese.  The Narrator&#146;s ship sets out from here before sinking during a mighty storm.   ",
"This phenomenon of glowing fish and seaweed is factual and occurs throughout the many seas and oceans of the world.",
"Balbec is an ancient city in Syria, as is Tadmor.  Persepolis is an ancient city located in modern Iran.  Note that all three of these cities are mentioned in Edgar Allan Poe&#146;s poem &#39;Al Aaraaf&#39; as well.",
"Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594) was a Flemish mapmaker who added lines of latitude and longitude to maps.  Poe references one map where the Polar areas of the Earth is portrayed as having water rushing down into it, wishing to point out that his own vision of the South Pole was created independently from Mercator. ",
"A city located southwest from Virginia&#146;s capital city of Richmond.  Poe attended the University of Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819, in Charlottesville when he was a young man.  ",
"A city located near Richmond, north of Charlottesville.  It is here that Doctor Templeton and Augustus Bedloe met for the first time.   ",
"A drug used in medicine primarily to kill pain.  Overcome by constant pain because of his illness, Bedloe consumes large quantities of morphine on a regular basis.",
"A particularly rocky section of the Appalachian Mountain range that extends into the Shenandoah River Valley in Western Virginia near Charlottesville.  Augustus Bedloe has a strange experience while walking through these mountains.",
"A collection of tales told by a Queen Shehezad attempting to prevent her execution at the hands of the Caliph.  Augustus Bedloe encounters a city that looks as if it is taken right out of this ancient collection of stories.",
"The Indian city that has since been renamed to Koltata.  It is here that the &#39;Black Hole&#39; incident occurred, and where Warren Hastings put down an uprising of the native population against British colonial rule. ",
"An epidemic of this fatal disease struck New York City in 1832, suggesting that it is around this time that &#39;The Sphinx&#39; takes place.  The Narrator escapes from the city in order to avoid being infected by cholera.",
"Whereas the Narrator had thought that a giant monster was coming from outside to murder him, his host reveals that there is an insect called the &#39;Death&#146;s-headed Sphinx,&#39; which bears markings similar to a skull upon its back.  In reality, there exists a kind of moth similar to that which Poe describes from the family &#39;Sphingidae,&#39; from which he probably receives his inspiration for this tale.",
"Browne (1605-1682) was a famous British author and physician whose writings philosophize about the meaning of life and death, among other things.",
"The British name for the game of checkers.  The Narrator mentions playing games as a way to mold the analytical powers of the human mind.  ",
"A four person card game similar to the modern Backgammon.  The Narrator compares playing card games such as whist to using analytical powers of the human mind.",
"Edmund Hoyle (1672-1769) published his first Short Treatise on the Game of Whist in 1742, and ever since that time the Hoyle Company has published officials rulebooks for many different kinds of games.",
"A constellation in the night sky named after the Greek hero Orion the hunter, who forever chases Scorpio the Scorpion through the heavens.  This image models the behavior of Dupin, who is forever seeking answers of his own to problems.",
"A sharp object grabbed by the curious Ourang-Outang wishing to mimic the sailor&#146;s act of shaving.  Fleeing with the razor, the creature uses it to decapitate the elder L&#146;Espanaye woman before the sailor&#146;s own eyes.  ",
"George Cuvier (1769-1832) was a famous French scientist, known especially for his work in studying organisms of the world.",
"An archaic spelling of &#39;orangutan,&#39; a breed of large monkey.  The sailor captured this creature in its native Borneo and brought it to Paris to recover from an injury before selling it away.  However, the monkey escapes and commits two murders before it is eventually captured again.",
"A city located in modern day Indonesia, where the sailor captured the Ourang-Outang and brought it to Paris.",
"The Roman goddess of thieves.  Dupin compares the Prefect to a statue of Laverna he has seen, which appear to lack a body.",
"Literally, this means &#39;The Pride Street&#39; or also, ironically, &#39;The Morgue Street.&#39;  It is here that the bodies of the L&#146;Espanaye women are discovered at their home.  ",
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778 was a French political philosopher who expanded Thomas Hobbes&#146; social contract theory to suggest that if government does not uphold its bargain to protect citizens, then those citizens are justified to rebel against the ruling sovereign.  He also wrote extensively about human nature&#146;s three basic desires for fulfillment: life, liberty, and property.  ",
"The Narrator is obsessed with the old man&#146;s eye, deciding to murder him so that the eye cannot look at him any more.",
"A mechanism used to shed light usually fueled by kerosene, or perhaps whale oil in Poe&#146;s day.  An inner chamber is surrounded by metal doors, permitting any amount of light to exit.  The Narrator closes this chamber except to allow a sliver of light to shine through on the old man&#146;s face.  ",
"A large muscular organ located in the human body.  The Narrator mistakes the beating of his own heart for that of the old man, as he maniacally confesses his gruesome act of murder to the policemen.  ",
"A well-known Irish dramatist, Murphy (1727-1805) whose first acting role came in Othello, also featured in Poe&#145;s &#39;The Man That Was Used Up.&#39;  He was educated in France and was known for deriving the inspiration for his own writing from themes and figures already existing in literature, much as Poe had done.  Interestingly, in addition to being a literary figure, Murphy went on to become a lawyer as well.   ",
"Founded in 1770, this coastal city in South Carolina is next to Sullivan&#146;s Island.  The Narrator lives here, on the mainland.  It is also the supposed city where Mr. Forsyth lives, who supposedly reported to the New York Sun about &#39;The Balloon-Hoax.&#39;",
"Site of a famous Revolutionary War battle, Sullivan&#146;s Island is separated from the mainland and the nearby city of Charleston by a shallow marsh.  Its length is about three miles and is only about a quarter of a mile wide, as Poe describes.  The island&#146;s shape is similar to a peninsula, with only a small marshy creek separating its fourth side from the mainland.  Although Charleston is some distance away across the harbor from the southern section of the island, as the Narrator notes well, the northern section is separated from that rural section of mainland only by a creek, and it is in this forest that Legrand discovers Captain Kidd&#146;s treasure beneath the tulip tree.  ",
"Named after Revolutionary War figure Colonel William Moultrie (1730-1805), Fort Moultrie was built on June 28, 1776 at the southern end of Sullivan&#146;s Island.  Poe was stationed here during his time in the U.S. Army, and it is here that a lieutenant friend of Legrand is stationed as well.",
"A large type of insect, usually bearing a black exterior shell, biting mouth parts, and hard, horny front wings.  The &#39;gold-bug&#39; of Legrand is highly unusual because of its uncharacteristic gold color and is put into a jar, where it dies.  Jupiter believes that the bug had bitten Legrand, making him become mentally ill.  Legrand later admits that his pretended obsession with the &#39;gold-bug&#39; is fake, because he was purposely mocking the Narrator and Jupiter.  ",
"A type of tree from the magnolia family, which bears cup-shaped flowers.  Reaching a height of 150 feet and a trunk diameter of 4 feet, these large trees abound in Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama.  Legrand discovers the skull nailed to a branch at the top of a tulip tree. ",
"The paper picked out of the sand by Jupiter is not really paper at all, but is parchment, which is much more durable.  Legrand draws a picture of the gold-bug on this, but a skull appears instead when the Narrator holds it too close to the fire, revealing secret instructions of how to find Kidd&#145;s treasure.  ",
"Also called a &#39;Death&#146;s-head.&#39;  The skull of some unnamed individual was nailed in a tree by Captain Kidd to mark the location of his buried treasure.  A skull appears on the parchment paper once it is put close to the fire.  A skull also appears on the back of the insect in &#39;The Sphinx.&#39;",
"Founded in 1718, this is a popular coastal city located in Louisiana.  It became United States territory after the Louisiana Purchase in 1808.",
"Huguenots were a class of French Protestants who fled France beginning on the day of St Bartholomew&#146;s Massacre on August 24, 1572.  The name possibly originated because the Protestant followers of Martin Luther sued to gather near a gate at Tours named after a Count Hugon.  Apparently, Legrand&#145;s family immigrated to New Orleans during this time, which had been a French colony in Louisiana (named after French King Louis XIV who lived from 1638-1715)  before being sold to the United States in 1808 by Napoleon.",
"The capital city of France.  The site of the Jacobin club house mentioned in &#39;The Pit and the Pendulum,&#39; it is also the home of C. Auguste Dupin.  The Prefect is in charge of the Parisian police force.",
"Literally translated, it means &#39;House of Health.&#39;  Poe defines this as a :private madhouse,&#39; or a psychiatric hospital.  It is important to note that this establishment does not have a specific name, the term &#39;Maison de Sante&#39; is just a general term to explain that this is a hospital.  ",
"Bellini (1801-1835) was a very famous Italian composer, who primarily wrote operas that ended in tragedy, such as &#39;I Capulet e I Montecchi,&#39; which was based upon Shakespeare&#146;s sad story of love, Romeo and Juliet.",
"A new system of treating patients at the Maison de Sante (House of Health) created by Monsieur Maillard.  The narrator seeks to understand what this system is exactly, compared to the &#39;soothing system&#39; which allows patients to wander around uninhibited.  In contrast, Tarr and Fether&#146;s system requires patients to be tarred and feathered daily, which is then rinsed off with a huge flow of water poured out of pipes.  The narrator searches for research about this system, because he doesn&#146;t realize that these two men -- Prof. Tarr and Doctor Fether -- do not exist.  Their names merely reveal the nature of this system.  ",
"A British song originally written to mock the colonialists.  It was played as the Redcoats marched from Boston to Lexington and Concord, but later it was the rallying cry for colonialists fighting for freedom during the American revolution, particularly in the North where people enjoyed being called &#39;Yankees.&#39;  Interestingly, this sing, too, mentions &#39;put a feather in his cap&#39; (reminding us again of tar and feather), and an alternate verse is known to read: &#39;Yankee Doodle came to town/for to buy a firelock/We will tar and feather him/and so we will John Hancock.&#39;  Tarring and feathering are mentioned here, too.  The song mocks the British while it also lauds the Yankees of the American North in contrast to the more old-fashioned South.",
"The southernmost tip of Africa.  This area was originally founded by the Dutch, including the large city of Cape Town, which is located at the base of the Cape of Good Hope.                                                                                              ",
"A fictitious Indian tribe created by Edgar Allan Poe.  He uses the word &#39;Bugaboo&#39; elsewhere, in &#39;The Premature Burial,&#39; in writing &#39;no bugaboo tales&#133;&#39; (72).  Reportedly this is the first literary use of this word with such a spelling; previously the word appeared as &#39;buggybow&#39; in 1747. ",
"An authentic Indian tribe native to the Great Lakes region but now present in northeastern Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma.  The original spelling was &#39;Kiikaapoa,&#39; which European settlers transformed into &#39;Kickapoo.&#39;  In 1838, the Battle Creek Fight engaged Kickapoo Indians with determined Texans, and these struggles continued throughout 1839, as the Kickapoo, Cherokee, and Shawnee united together against Texans.  These struggles were ongoing as Poe composed &#39;The Man That Was Used Up,&#39; no doubt influencing his inclusion of the Kickapoo Indians.  ",
"Pierre Corneille (1606-1684) was a French dramatist and chief rival of noted playwright Jean Racine.  His tragedy, Le Cid, focuses upon a valiant knight named Rodrigue, Le Cid (&#39;The Conqueror&#39;), who experiences a conflict when he must choose between preserving his family&#146;s honor or pursuing his more personal feelings of love for a woman.  This theme reflects Smith&#146;s own situation, for he has sacrificed himself for his country in battling against the Indians.  His body is a remnant of what it was as a result.   ",
"A tragedy by British playwright William Shakespeare (1564-1616) featuring a soldier named Othello, his lover Desdemona, and his jealous enemy Iago, whom Climax portrays here in Poe&#145;s tale.  This reflects the theme of soldiery yet again, in tune with Smith&#146;s military background.",
"A Gothic dramatic poem written in 1816 by British poet Lord Byron (1788-1824), in which the main title character, Manfred, dies in the work&#146;s conclusion.",
"A character from the 1791 classic novel, Robinson Crusoe by British writer Daniel Defoe (1660-1731).  The story features a man shipwrecked on an island with no one to aid him until &#39;Man Friday&#39; appears.  The narrator purposefully misinforms the woman that &#39;Man-Friday&#39; was the name of Byron&#146;s poem &#39;Man-Fred&#39; because he is angry that she interrupted his conversation.  ",
"Originally named &#39;The Royal Vauxhall Balloon,&#39; this balloon successfully traveled from the Royal Vauxhall Gardens in London to Weilburg, Nassau, in Germany, on November 7, 1836.  It was renamed in honor of its landing place.  Four men participated in this flight including Thomas Monck Mason, M.P., Charles Green, and Robert Holland.  Poe uses Mason and Holland as participants in this fictitious trans-Atlantic balloon flight to Sullivan&#146;s Island from North Wales.",
"The name of the balloon that supposedly made a trans-Atlantic passage in 1844.  &#39;Victoria&#39; means &#39;Victory&#39; in Latin, but more likely, just as the Nassau balloon was named to honor the Nassaus, who ruled the province where the Monck Mason had landed in 1837, here it honors Britain&#146;s Queen Victoria, who ruled England from 1837 until her death in 1901.",
"A periodical founded by Benjamin Day In New York City on September 3, 1833.  In addition to &#39;The Balloon-Hoax&#39; in 1844, the New York Sun started &#39;The Great Moon Hoax of 1835.&#39;  At this time, the new journal published a series of articles claiming to be written by a Sir John Herschel, reporting that he witnessed aliens on the moon through a large telescope at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.  The hoax only increased readership, rather than damaging the newspaper&#146;s popularity.  ",
"London&#146;s Royal Polytechnic Institution was founded by Charles Payne, formerly of the Adelaide Gallery, in 1838 to create &#39;a practical knowledge of the various arts and branches of science connected with Manufactures, Mining Operations, and Rural Economy.&#39;  The Polytechnic Institution hosted many displays, lectures, and events until it was closed in 1881.",
"A mechanism whose creation has been attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician, Archimedes.  This screw is based on a screw inserted into a cylindrical tube used for raising and lowering water levels.  The same technique is applied here to control the flow of gases into the balloon.  ",
"A famous complex of London ballrooms and assembly rooms affiliated with the social club entitled &#39;Almack&#146;s,&#39; built by William Almack in 1765.  After his death in 1781, his niece Mrs. Willis inherited them, and they were thus renamed in accordance to the new owner.  This complex continued to host a variety of events until its conversion into a mere restaurant in 1890, although the social club disbanded in 1863. ",
"In 1830, Jacob Perkins founded a museum dedicated to putting new inventions on display in London.  This establishment was called the &#39;Royal Adelaide Gallery.&#39;  ",
"An innovation to the hot air balloon added by Charles Green, which simply involves dangling a rope from the balloon and raising or lowering it in order to adjust the balloon&#146;s height.  This conserves the gas, because it is not necessary to add or take away gas into the balloon as often, if the height can be first adjusted in this manner.",
"The fictitious estate of Poe&#146;s fictitious character, &#39;Mr. Osbourne,&#39; where the balloon &#39;Victoria&#39; is assembled before they fly off to Sullivan&#145;s Island.  It is supposedly located in North Wales.  ",
"A dangerous waterway to navigate by ship located in the southwestern corner of England, bordering the town of Bristol for which the Bristol Channel is named.",
"Mount Cotopaxi is an active volcano located in the Cotopaxi province of Ecuador, in South America.  Cotopaxi has a summit elevation of 19,388 feet (approximately four miles) and has erupted fifty times since 1738.  Ainsworth notes that even the balloon is as high as this mountain, they can still breathe without any difficulty, because air is usually thinner and thus harder to breathe in higher elevations.",
"A merchant and ordained minister, Joseph Granville (1636-1680) was well-known for his strict religious beliefs and scientific writings such as Scepsis scientifica, and Plus Ultra.  He was a chaplain, vicar, or acted in some church capacity for the duration of his life.  His name is also spelled &#39;Glanvill,&#39; without the &#39;e.&#39;  ",
"Democritus (460 BC -370 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who moved in the same circles as Socrates.  His ideas laid the foundation for the modern atomic theory, since he declared that matter cannot be destroyed and space is an &#39;infinite Void&#39; with no limits.  This appears to be the &#39;bottomless well of Democritus,&#39; this concept that space has no limits to it.  In his Critique of Pure Reason published in 1781, German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) mentions the bottom of &#39;the well of Democritus,&#39; using this as an elevated allegory for the attainment of ultimate knowledge, since the well of Democritus was supposed to be infinite.",
"A country located in eastern Scandinavia, a region that also included Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.  Norway&#146;s Moskoestrom is a true natural phenomenon that continues on less exaggerated terms to this present day.  Fishing remains the base of its economy.",
"The mountain named Helseggen at Lofoden appears to be a fabrication of Poe, unless the spelling has been changed due to other transliterations of this Norwegian word.  Lofoden, Moskoe, and Vurrgh are all real geographic places, however.",
"An island located between the Norwegian Sea and a waterway called the &#39;Vestfjorden.&#39;  The nearest mainland is at Lofoden.  The island of Moskoe is between Vurrgh and Lofoden.  ",
"A Norwegian island located off of the coast of Lofoden, around which the Maelstrom or &#39;Moskoestrom&#39; occurs periodically.",
"A naturally occurring whirlpool located at approximately sixty-eight degrees latitude off of the western coast of Norway near Lofoden.  It is also called the &#39;Moskoestrom&#39; because the island of Moskoe is located in the middle of the sea area in which this phenomenon occurs.  In reality, this whirlpool is not as dramatic an event as that described by Poe&#146;s character.  However, it has possibly inspired many other stories such as those featuring the fabled &#39;Charybdis&#39; from Homer&#146;s The Odyssey, and the more recent 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne.   ",
"A large, naturally occurring waterfall located on the border between New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ",
"Ramus was a Norwegian priest whose own description of the Maelstrom in 1715 was incorporated into Pontopiddan&#146;s Natural History of Norway in 1752, which was later reprinted into the sixth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica in 1823.  It is from this latter source that Poe obtains the bulk of his information about this natural phenomenon.",
"The area known as Lofoden (also spelled Lofoten) is on the Norwegian mainland across from the islands of Moskoe and, farther out, Vurrgh.  It is from this vantage point on the mainland that the old man tells his amazing story to the Narrator. ",
"A collection of books detailing various pieces of information first published in 1768, by Colin Macfarquhar and Andrew Bell in Edinburgh, Scotland.  Its purpose was to redefine scholarship for the changing scientific world of the Enlightenment.  Edgar Allan Poe used the Encyclopedia Brittanica as a source for information that he later infuses into his own writing, as he does in &#39;A Descent into the Maelstrom.&#39;",
"Athanasius Kircher (1601-1680) was a German philosopher, scientist, inventor, professor, and linguist whose writings greatly influenced the academic world.  He was especially interested in underground forces, such as volcanoes.  The Museum Kircherianum at the College of Rome in Italy is named in his honor.  Poe&#146;s mention of Kircher&#146;s theory appears is rooted in fact, as Kircher did argue that this Moskoestrom in Norway was the entrance to an underground network of passages.  The Gulf of Bothnia located off of the eastern coast of Norway, and the Berents Sea located north from all of Scandinavia were mentioned as two connecting points for this subterranean passageway.   ",
"A barrel-shaped vessel designed for holding water.  The old man ties himself to this to avoid being drowned in the Moskoestrom.",
"Archimedes (287 BC - 212 BC) was an ancient Greek inventor, scientist, and mathematician.  He was mistakenly killed by a Roman soldier who did not know who he was.  The particular work mentioned here, &#39;De Incendibus in Fluido&#39; is Latin for &#39;Concerning Falling Things in Fluid.&#39; However, this work appears to be another fabrication of Edgar Allan Poe, as no record of such a document exists.  ",
"Ancient Roman statesman, dramatist, and philosopher who lived from 3 BC until 65 AD. Among many others, he wrote the tragedy Thyestes featuring the deadly sibling rivalry that occurred between the Greek brothers Atreus and Thyestes.  He died in 65 BC after reportedly slitting his wrists at the banquet table of Emperor Nero, whom he had tutored as a child.  Seneca the Younger is known for founding the ancient philosophy of stoicism.  ",
"John Abernethy (1765-1831) was a renowned British physician, professor, and surgeon.  A cancerous tumor is named in his honor, &#39;Abernechy&#146;s sarcoma.&#39;",
"An English mythologist, Jacob Bryant (1715-1804) wrote extensively about religious history and ancient times, embodied in his greatest work, the ten volume A New System, or, an Analysis of Ancient Mythology, with volume one released in 1774, the next three released in 1775-1776, and the final six were available in 1807.  This work focuses on the idea that all of mythology connects to the same great religious understanding of the world that is revealed through the teachings Christianity.  It is for this masterpiece that he is best known, and Poe makes reference to Bryant&#146;s work through Auguste Dupin. ",
"Dupin craftily wears tinted glasses to avoid being noticed by Miniter D--- as his eyes search his apartment for the location of the purloined letter.",
"A container designed for holding snuff, which is powdered tobacco sometimes mixed with opium, designed to be inhaled through the nostrils.  ",
"A tragedy written by French poet Prosper Joylot de Crebillon (1674-1762), reflecting the events in Seneca&#146;s Thyestes.  It describes the rivalry between two brothers, Atreus and Thyestes, for the same woman&#146;s love, and for the right to rule a kingdom.  Dupin invokes this work as an allegory for his own relationship to Minister D---.",
"A famous Italian opera singer, Angelina Catalani (1780-1849), whose life ended when she died of cholera on June 12, 1849.  She was known for her beautiful voice and, after retiring from opera singing in 1828, devoted the rest of her life to running a free singing school for girls in Florence, Italy, which she had also founded.",
"The meeting house of the Jacobins, a French political club that existed during the Reign of Terror that began in 1789.  They met at a Jacobin monastery in Paris, from which their name is derived.  The club fell apart with the defeat of its chief leader, Maximilien Robespierre, on July 27, 1794.  This group was responsible for the vicious massacre of most of the French monarchy and provided the window of opportunity for Napoleon Bonaparte to seize control of the government.   ",
"City located in central Spain and the chief place of operations for the ruthless persecutions that occurred during the Spanish Inquisition from 1478-1834.  Spain capital city, Madrid, is located nearby.",
"Ancient personification of the phenomenon of Time that goes back to the Greek Titan Cronus, father of Zeus.  Cronus used a sickle to castrate his father Uranus, and he is often portrayed throughout literature as having a long beard.  He also often bears a scythe or sickle in his arms, reflecting that Time&#146;s eroding force cuts down everything.  Poe&#146;s image of the swinging pendulum invokes both the swinging of a clock, representing the passage of time, and it also literally portrays Father Time&#146;s sickle.  It is ironic that the sickle and the clock become one and the same, combining more modern inventions with ancient ideas.  ",
"A hanging object set to swing back and forth between two extremes.  Attached to the end of this pendulum is a sharp blade designed to slice into the Narrator&#146;s body. ",
"The Narrator narrowly avoids falling into this deep hole of his prison after he trips on his gown.  Water fills the bottom, causing him to also describe it as a &#39;well.&#39;  At the last possible moment, the Narrator is saved from falling into the pit after his hand is seized by the French general Lasalle.",
"A historical event beginning in 1478 at the order of Spanish King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, with the blessing of Pope Sextius IV.  Its purpose was to eliminate non-Catholics and heretics from Spain, mirroring the later persecution of Protestants that would occur in France.  The Spanish Inquisition continued for centuries with its base of operations located at Toledo, until it formally came to an end in 1834. ",
"An annual event occurring throughout Italy usually beginning in October and ending right before Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of the holy season of Lent.",
"A strong chemical compound known as &#39;potassium nitrate&#39; formed naturally as a reaction between minerals in the earth and water.  It is very common in underground caves formed by water dripping from stalactites.  Nitre, or niter, is also used to manufacture gunpowder.  Whether Fortunato died from his close proximity to the saltpeter in the underground vault, or if he was in fact buried alive, remains unclear.",
"A nautical instrument used to measure the altitude of stars and planets in the sky in order to determine a ship&#146;s exact direction.  It is shaped like a ring, as the name implies.  The old man&#146;s elder brother throws him off of the ring, because it holds a better grip than the water cask, where he had been hiding.  Ironically, it is the water cask that is the old man&#145;s salvation!");


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// END CONFIGURATION
// Don't change anything below this line, all configuration is above.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////







////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// INIT
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Runtime variables init. Used for runtime only, don't change, not for config!
var o3_text = "";
var o3_cap = "";
var o3_sticky = 0;
var o3_background = "";
var o3_close = "Close";
var o3_hpos = RIGHT;
var o3_offsetx = 2;
var o3_offsety = 2;
var o3_fgcolor = "";
var o3_bgcolor = "";
var o3_textcolor = "";
var o3_capcolor = "";
var o3_closecolor = "";
var o3_width = 100;
var o3_border = 1;
var o3_status = "";
var o3_autostatus = 0;
var o3_height = -1;
var o3_snapx = 0;
var o3_snapy = 0;
var o3_fixx = -1;
var o3_fixy = -1;
var o3_fgbackground = "";
var o3_bgbackground = "";
var o3_padxl = 0;
var o3_padxr = 0;
var o3_padyt = 0;
var o3_padyb = 0;
var o3_fullhtml = 0;
var o3_vpos = BELOW;
var o3_aboveheight = 0;
var o3_capicon = "";
var o3_textfont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";
var o3_captionfont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";
var o3_closefont = "Verdana,Arial,Helvetica";
var o3_textsize = "1";
var o3_captionsize = "1";
var o3_closesize = "1";
var o3_frame = self;
var o3_timeout = 0;
var o3_timerid = 0;
var o3_allowmove = 0;
var o3_function = Function();
var o3_delay = 0;
var o3_delayid = 0;
var o3_hauto = 0;
var o3_vauto = 0;
var o3_closeclick = 0;

var o3_css = CSSOFF;
var o3_fgclass = "";
var o3_bgclass = "";
var o3_textfontclass = "";
var o3_captionfontclass = "";
var o3_closefontclass = "";
var o3_padunit = "px";
var o3_heightunit = "px";
var o3_widthunit = "px";
var o3_textsizeunit = "px";
var o3_textdecoration = "";
var o3_textstyle = "";
var o3_textweight = "";
var o3_captionsizeunit = "px";
var o3_captiondecoration = "";
var o3_captionstyle = "";
var o3_captionweight = "";
var o3_closesizeunit = "px";
var o3_closedecoration = "";
var o3_closestyle = "";
var o3_closeweight = "";



// Display state variables
var o3_x = 0;
var o3_y = 0;
var o3_allow = 0;
var o3_showingsticky = 0;
var o3_removecounter = 0;

// Our layer
var over = null;


// Decide browser version
var ns4 = (document.layers)? true:false;
var ns6 = (document.getElementById)? true:false;
var ie4 = (document.all)? true:false;
var ie5 = false;

// Microsoft Stupidity Check(tm).
if (ie4) {
	if ((navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 5') > 0) || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 6') > 0)) {
		ie5 = true;
	}
	if (ns6) {
		ns6 = false;
	}
}


// Capture events, alt. diffuses the overlib function.
if ( (ns4) || (ie4) || (ns6)) {
	document.onmousemove = mouseMove
	if (ns4) document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEMOVE)
} else {
	overlib = no_overlib;
	nd = no_overlib;
	ver3fix = true;
}


// Fake function for 3.0 users.
function no_overlib() {
	return ver3fix;
}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// overlib(arg0, ..., argN)
// Loads parameters into global runtime variables.
function overlib() {
	
	// Load defaults to runtime.
	o3_text = ol_text;
	o3_cap = ol_cap;
	o3_sticky = ol_sticky;
	o3_background = ol_background;
	o3_close = ol_close;
	o3_hpos = ol_hpos;
	o3_offsetx = ol_offsetx;
	o3_offsety = ol_offsety;
	o3_fgcolor = ol_fgcolor;
	o3_bgcolor = ol_bgcolor;
	o3_textcolor = ol_textcolor;
	o3_capcolor = ol_capcolor;
	o3_closecolor = ol_closecolor;
	o3_width = ol_width;
	o3_border = ol_border;
	o3_status = ol_status;
	o3_autostatus = ol_autostatus;
	o3_height = ol_height;
	o3_snapx = ol_snapx;
	o3_snapy = ol_snapy;
	o3_fixx = ol_fixx;
	o3_fixy = ol_fixy;
	o3_fgbackground = ol_fgbackground;
	o3_bgbackground = ol_bgbackground;
	o3_padxl = ol_padxl;
	o3_padxr = ol_padxr;
	o3_padyt = ol_padyt;
	o3_padyb = ol_padyb;
	o3_fullhtml = ol_fullhtml;
	o3_vpos = ol_vpos;
	o3_aboveheight = ol_aboveheight;
	o3_capicon = ol_capicon;
	o3_textfont = ol_textfont;
	o3_captionfont = ol_captionfont;
	o3_closefont = ol_closefont;
	o3_textsize = ol_textsize;
	o3_captionsize = ol_captionsize;
	o3_closesize = ol_closesize;
	o3_timeout = ol_timeout;
	o3_function = ol_function;
	o3_delay = ol_delay;
	o3_hauto = ol_hauto;
	o3_vauto = ol_vauto;
	o3_closeclick = ol_closeclick;
	
	o3_css = ol_css;
	o3_fgclass = ol_fgclass;
	o3_bgclass = ol_bgclass;
	o3_textfontclass = ol_textfontclass;
	o3_captionfontclass = ol_captionfontclass;
	o3_closefontclass = ol_closefontclass;
	o3_padunit = ol_padunit;
	o3_heightunit = ol_heightunit;
	o3_widthunit = ol_widthunit;
	o3_textsizeunit = ol_textsizeunit;
	o3_textdecoration = ol_textdecoration;
	o3_textstyle = ol_textstyle;
	o3_textweight = ol_textweight;
	o3_captionsizeunit = ol_captionsizeunit;
	o3_captiondecoration = ol_captiondecoration;
	o3_captionstyle = ol_captionstyle;
	o3_captionweight = ol_captionweight;
	o3_closesizeunit = ol_closesizeunit;
	o3_closedecoration = ol_closedecoration;
	o3_closestyle = ol_closestyle;
	o3_closeweight = ol_closeweight;
	

	// Special for frame support, over must be reset...
	if ( (ns4) || (ie4) || (ns6) ) {
		o3_frame = ol_frame;
		if (ns4) over = o3_frame.document.overDiv
		if (ie4) over = o3_frame.overDiv.style
		if (ns6) over = o3_frame.document.getElementById("overDiv");
	}
	
	
	// What the next argument is expected to be.
	var parsemode = -1;
	
	var ar = arguments;

	for (i = 0; i < ar.length; i++) {

		if (parsemode < 0) {
			// Arg is maintext, unless INARRAY
			if (ar[i] == INARRAY) {
				o3_text = ol_texts[ar[++i]];
			} else {
				o3_text = ar[i];
			}

			parsemode = 0;
		} else {
			// Note: NS4 doesn't like switch cases with vars.
			if (ar[i] == INARRAY) { o3_text = ol_texts[ar[++i]]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPARRAY) { o3_cap = ol_caps[ar[++i]]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == STICKY) { o3_sticky = 1; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BACKGROUND) { o3_background = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == NOCLOSE) { o3_close = ""; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTION) { o3_cap = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CENTER || ar[i] == LEFT || ar[i] == RIGHT) { o3_hpos = ar[i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == OFFSETX) { o3_offsetx = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == OFFSETY) { o3_offsety = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FGCOLOR) { o3_fgcolor = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BGCOLOR) { o3_bgcolor = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTCOLOR) { o3_textcolor = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPCOLOR) { o3_capcolor = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSECOLOR) { o3_closecolor = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == WIDTH) { o3_width = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BORDER) { o3_border = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == STATUS) { o3_status = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == AUTOSTATUS) { o3_autostatus = 1; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == AUTOSTATUSCAP) { o3_autostatus = 2; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == HEIGHT) { o3_height = ar[++i]; o3_aboveheight = ar[i]; continue; } // Same param again.
			if (ar[i] == CLOSETEXT) { o3_close = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == SNAPX) { o3_snapx = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == SNAPY) { o3_snapy = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FIXX) { o3_fixx = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FIXY) { o3_fixy = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FGBACKGROUND) { o3_fgbackground = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BGBACKGROUND) { o3_bgbackground = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == PADX) { o3_padxl = ar[++i]; o3_padxr = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == PADY) { o3_padyt = ar[++i]; o3_padyb = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FULLHTML) { o3_fullhtml = 1; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BELOW || ar[i] == ABOVE) { o3_vpos = ar[i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPICON) { o3_capicon = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTFONT) { o3_textfont = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONFONT) { o3_captionfont = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSEFONT) { o3_closefont = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTSIZE) { o3_textsize = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONSIZE) { o3_captionsize = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSESIZE) { o3_closesize = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FRAME) { opt_FRAME(ar[++i]); continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TIMEOUT) { o3_timeout = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FUNCTION) { opt_FUNCTION(ar[++i]); continue; }
			if (ar[i] == DELAY) { o3_delay = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == HAUTO) { o3_hauto = (o3_hauto == 0) ? 1 : 0; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == VAUTO) { o3_vauto = (o3_vauto == 0) ? 1 : 0; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSECLICK) { o3_closeclick = (o3_closeclick == 0) ? 1 : 0; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CSSOFF) { o3_css = ar[i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CSSSTYLE) { o3_css = ar[i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CSSCLASS) { o3_css = ar[i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == FGCLASS) { o3_fgclass = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == BGCLASS) { o3_bgclass = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTFONTCLASS) { o3_textfontclass = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONFONTCLASS) { o3_captionfontclass = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSEFONTCLASS) { o3_closefontclass = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == PADUNIT) { o3_padunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == HEIGHTUNIT) { o3_heightunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == WIDTHUNIT) { o3_widthunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTSIZEUNIT) { o3_textsizeunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTDECORATION) { o3_textdecoration = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTSTYLE) { o3_textstyle = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == TEXTWEIGHT) { o3_textweight = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONSIZEUNIT) { o3_captionsizeunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONDECORATION) { o3_captiondecoration = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONSTYLE) { o3_captionstyle = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CAPTIONWEIGHT) { o3_captionweight = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSESIZEUNIT) { o3_closesizeunit = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSEDECORATION) { o3_closedecoration = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSESTYLE) { o3_closestyle = ar[++i]; continue; }
			if (ar[i] == CLOSEWEIGHT) { o3_closeweight = ar[++i]; continue; }
		}
	}

	if (o3_delay == 0) {
		return overlib350();
	} else {
		o3_delayid = setTimeout("overlib350()", o3_delay);

		if (o3_sticky) {
			return false;
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	}
}



// Clears popups if appropriate
function nd() {
	if ( o3_removecounter >= 1 ) { o3_showingsticky = 0 };
	if ( (ns4) || (ie4) || (ns6) ) {
		if ( o3_showingsticky == 0 ) {
			o3_allowmove = 0;
			if (over != null) hideObject(over);
		} else {
			o3_removecounter++;
		}
	}
	
	return true;
}







////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// OVERLIB 3.50 FUNCTION
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// This function decides what it is we want to display and how we want it done.
function overlib350() {

	// Make layer content
	var layerhtml;

	if (o3_background != "" || o3_fullhtml) {
		// Use background instead of box.
		layerhtml = ol_content_background(o3_text, o3_background, o3_fullhtml);
	} else {
		// They want a popup box.

		// Prepare popup background
		if (o3_fgbackground != "" && o3_css == CSSOFF) {
			o3_fgbackground = "BACKGROUND=\""+o3_fgbackground+"\"";
		}
		if (o3_bgbackground != "" && o3_css == CSSOFF) {
			o3_bgbackground = "BACKGROUND=\""+o3_bgbackground+"\"";
		}

		// Prepare popup colors
		if (o3_fgcolor != "" && o3_css == CSSOFF) {
			o3_fgcolor = "BGCOLOR=\""+o3_fgcolor+"\"";
		}
		if (o3_bgcolor != "" && o3_css == CSSOFF) {
			o3_bgcolor = "BGCOLOR=\""+o3_bgcolor+"\"";
		}

		// Prepare popup height
		if (o3_height > 0 && o3_css == CSSOFF) {
			o3_height = "HEIGHT=" + o3_height;
		} else {
			o3_height = "";
		}

		// Decide which kinda box.
		if (o3_cap == "") {
			// Plain
			layerhtml = ol_content_simple(o3_text);
		} else {
			// With caption
			if (o3_sticky) {
				// Show close text
				layerhtml = ol_content_caption(o3_text, o3_cap, o3_close);
			} else {
				// No close text
				layerhtml = ol_content_caption(o3_text, o3_cap, "");
			}
		}
	}
	
	// We want it to stick!
	if (o3_sticky) {
		o3_showingsticky = 1;
		o3_removecounter = 0;
	}
	
	// Write layer
	layerWrite(layerhtml);
	
	// Prepare status bar
	if (o3_autostatus > 0) {
		o3_status = o3_text;
		if (o3_autostatus > 1) {
			o3_status = o3_cap;
		}
	}

	// When placing the layer the first time, even stickies may be moved.
	o3_allowmove = 0;

	// Initiate a timer for timeout
	if (o3_timeout > 0) {          
		if (o3_timerid > 0) clearTimeout(o3_timerid);
		o3_timerid = setTimeout("cClick()", o3_timeout);
	}

	// Show layer
	disp(o3_status);

	// Stickies should stay where they are.	
	if (o3_sticky) {
		o3_allowmove = 0;
		return false;
	} else {
		return true;
	}
}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LAYER GENERATION FUNCTIONS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Makes simple table without caption
function ol_content_simple(text) {
	if (o3_css == CSSCLASS) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 class=\""+o3_bgclass+"\"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 class=\""+o3_fgclass+"\"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT class=\""+o3_textfontclass+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";
	if (o3_css == CSSSTYLE) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 style=\"background-color: "+o3_bgcolor+"; height: "+o3_height+o3_heightunit+";\"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 style=\"color: "+o3_fgcolor+"; background-color: "+o3_fgcolor+"; height: "+o3_height+o3_heightunit+";\"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT style=\"font-family: "+o3_textfont+"; color: "+o3_textcolor+"; font-size: "+o3_textsize+o3_textsizeunit+"; text-decoration: "+o3_textdecoration+"; font-weight: "+o3_textweight+"; font-style:"+o3_textstyle+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";
	if (o3_css == CSSOFF) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 "+o3_bgcolor+" "+o3_height+"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 "+o3_fgcolor+" "+o3_fgbackground+" "+o3_height+"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE=\""+o3_textfont+"\" COLOR=\""+o3_textcolor+"\" SIZE=\""+o3_textsize+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";

	set_background("");
	return txt;
}




// Makes table with caption and optional close link
function ol_content_caption(text, title, close) {
	closing = "";
	closeevent = "onMouseOver";

	if (o3_closeclick == 1) closeevent = "onClick";
	if (o3_capicon != "") o3_capicon = "<IMG SRC=\""+o3_capicon+"\"> ";

	if (close != "") {
		if (o3_css == CSSCLASS) closing = "<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF=\"/\" "+closeevent+"=\"return cClick();\" class=\""+o3_closefontclass+"\">"+close+"</A></TD>";
		if (o3_css == CSSSTYLE) closing = "<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF=\"/\" "+closeevent+"=\"return cClick();\" style=\"color: "+o3_closecolor+"; font-family: "+o3_closefont+"; font-size: "+o3_closesize+o3_closesizeunit+"; text-decoration: "+o3_closedecoration+"; font-weight: "+o3_closeweight+"; font-style:"+o3_closestyle+";\">"+close+"</A></TD>";
		if (o3_css == CSSOFF) closing = "<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF=\"/\" "+closeevent+"=\"return cClick();\"><FONT COLOR=\""+o3_closecolor+"\" FACE=\""+o3_closefont+"\" SIZE=\""+o3_closesize+"\">"+close+"</FONT></A></TD>";
	}

	if (o3_css == CSSCLASS) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 class=\""+o3_bgclass+"\"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0><TR><TD><FONT class=\""+o3_captionfontclass+"\">"+o3_capicon+title+"</FONT></TD>"+closing+"</TR></TABLE><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 class=\""+o3_fgclass+"\"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT class=\""+o3_textfontclass+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";
	if (o3_css == CSSSTYLE) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 style=\"background-color: "+o3_bgcolor+"; background-image: url("+o3_bgbackground+"); height: "+o3_height+o3_heightunit+";\"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0><TR><TD><FONT style=\"font-family: "+o3_captionfont+"; color: "+o3_capcolor+"; font-size: "+o3_captionsize+o3_captionsizeunit+"; font-weight: "+o3_captionweight+"; font-style: "+o3_captionstyle+";\">"+o3_capicon+title+"</FONT></TD>"+closing+"</TR></TABLE><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 style=\"color: "+o3_fgcolor+"; background-color: "+o3_fgcolor+"; height: "+o3_height+o3_heightunit+";\"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT style=\"font-family: "+o3_textfont+"; color: "+o3_textcolor+"; font-size: "+o3_textsize+o3_textsizeunit+"; text-decoration: "+o3_textdecoration+"; font-weight: "+o3_textweight+"; font-style:"+o3_textstyle+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";
	if (o3_css == CSSOFF) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING="+o3_border+" CELLSPACING=0 "+o3_bgcolor+" "+o3_bgbackground+" "+o3_height+"><TR><TD><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0><TR><TD><B><FONT COLOR=\""+o3_capcolor+"\" FACE=\""+o3_captionfont+"\" SIZE=\""+o3_captionsize+"\">"+o3_capicon+title+"</FONT></B></TD>"+closing+"</TR></TABLE><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 "+o3_fgcolor+" "+o3_fgbackground+" "+o3_height+"><TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><FONT COLOR=\""+o3_textcolor+"\" FACE=\""+o3_textfont+"\" SIZE=\""+o3_textsize+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>";

	set_background("");
	return txt;
}

// Sets the background picture, padding and lots more. :)
function ol_content_background(text, picture, hasfullhtml) {
	if (hasfullhtml) {
		txt = text;
	} else {
		if (o3_css == CSSCLASS) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+o3_widthunit+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 HEIGHT="+o3_height+o3_heightunit+"><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyt+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxl+o3_padunit+"></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="+(o3_width-o3_padxl-o3_padxr)+o3_padunit+"><FONT class=\""+o3_textfontclass+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxr+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyb+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR></TABLE>";
		if (o3_css == CSSSTYLE) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+o3_widthunit+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 HEIGHT="+o3_height+o3_heightunit+"><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyt+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxl+o3_padunit+"></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="+(o3_width-o3_padxl-o3_padxr)+o3_padunit+"><FONT style=\"font-family: "+o3_textfont+"; color: "+o3_textcolor+"; font-size: "+o3_textsize+o3_textsizeunit+";\">"+text+"</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxr+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyb+o3_padunit+"></TD></TR></TABLE>";
		if (o3_css == CSSOFF) txt = "<TABLE WIDTH="+o3_width+" BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 HEIGHT="+o3_height+"><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyt+"></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxl+"></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="+(o3_width-o3_padxl-o3_padxr)+"><FONT FACE=\""+o3_textfont+"\" COLOR=\""+o3_textcolor+"\" SIZE=\""+o3_textsize+"\">"+text+"</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH="+o3_padxr+"></TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT="+o3_padyb+"></TD></TR></TABLE>";
	}
	set_background(picture);
	return txt;
}

// Loads a picture into the div.
function set_background(pic) {
	if (pic == "") {
		if (ie4) over.backgroundImage = "none";
		if (ns6) over.style.backgroundImage = "none";
	} else {
		if (ns4) {
			over.background.src = pic;
		} else if (ie4) {
			over.backgroundImage = "url("+pic+")";
		} else if (ns6) {
			over.style.backgroundImage = "url("+pic+")";
		}
	}
}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// HANDLING FUNCTIONS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// Displays the popup
function disp(statustext) {
	if ( (ns4) || (ie4) || (ns6) ) {
		if (o3_allowmove == 0) 	{
			placeLayer();
			showObject(over);
			o3_allowmove = 1;
		}
	}

	if (statustext != "") {
		self.status = statustext;
	}
}

// Decides where we want the popup.
function placeLayer() {
	var placeX, placeY;
	
	// HORIZONTAL PLACEMENT
	if (o3_fixx > -1) {
		// Fixed position
		placeX = o3_fixx;
	} else {
		winoffset = (ie4) ? o3_frame.document.body.scrollLeft : o3_frame.pageXOffset;
		if (ie4) iwidth = o3_frame.document.body.clientWidth;
		if (ns4) iwidth = o3_frame.innerWidth; // was screwed in mozilla, fixed now?
		if (ns6) iwidth = o3_frame.outerWidth;
		
		// If HAUTO, decide what to use.
		if (o3_hauto == 1) {
			if ( (o3_x - winoffset) > ((eval(iwidth)) / 2)) {
				o3_hpos = LEFT;
			} else {
				o3_hpos = RIGHT;
			}
		}
		
		// From mouse
		if (o3_hpos == CENTER) { // Center
			placeX = o3_x+o3_offsetx-(o3_width/2);
		}
		if (o3_hpos == RIGHT) { // Right
			placeX = o3_x+o3_offsetx;
			if ( (eval(placeX) + eval(o3_width)) > (winoffset + iwidth) ) {
				placeX = iwidth + winoffset - o3_width;
				if (placeX < 0) placeX = 0;
			}
		}
		if (o3_hpos == LEFT) { // Left
			placeX = o3_x-o3_offsetx-o3_width;
			if (placeX < winoffset) placeX = winoffset;
		}
	
		// Snapping!
		if (o3_snapx > 1) {
			var snapping = placeX % o3_snapx;
			if (o3_hpos == LEFT) {
				placeX = placeX - (o3_snapx + snapping);
			} else {
				// CENTER and RIGHT
				placeX = placeX + (o3_snapx - snapping);
			}
			if (placeX < winoffset) placeX = winoffset;
		}
	}

	
	
	// VERTICAL PLACEMENT
	if (o3_fixy > -1) {
		// Fixed position
		placeY = o3_fixy;
	} else {
		scrolloffset = (ie4) ? o3_frame.document.body.scrollTop : o3_frame.pageYOffset;

		// If VAUTO, decide what to use.
		if (o3_vauto == 1) {
			if (ie4) iheight = o3_frame.document.body.clientHeight;
			if (ns4) iheight = o3_frame.innerHeight;
			if (ns6) iheight = o3_frame.outerHeight;

			iheight = (eval(iheight)) / 2;
			if ( (o3_y - scrolloffset) > iheight) {
				o3_vpos = ABOVE;
			} else {
				o3_vpos = BELOW;
			}
		}


		// From mouse
		if (o3_vpos == ABOVE) {
			if (o3_aboveheight == 0) {
				var divref = (ie4) ? o3_frame.document.all['overDiv'] : over;
				o3_aboveheight = (ns4) ? divref.clip.height : divref.offsetHeight;
			}

			placeY = o3_y - (o3_aboveheight + o3_offsety);
			if (placeY < scrolloffset) placeY = scrolloffset;
		} else {
			// BELOW
			placeY = o3_y + o3_offsety;
		}

		// Snapping!
		if (o3_snapy > 1) {
			var snapping = placeY % o3_snapy;
			
			if (o3_aboveheight > 0 && o3_vpos == ABOVE) {
				placeY = placeY - (o3_snapy + snapping);
			} else {
				placeY = placeY + (o3_snapy - snapping);
			}
			
			if (placeY < scrolloffset) placeY = scrolloffset;
		}
	}


	// Actually move the object.	
	repositionTo(over, placeX, placeY);
}


// Moves the layer
function mouseMove(e) {
	if ( (ns4) || (ns6) ) {o3_x=e.pageX; o3_y=e.pageY;}
	if (ie4) {o3_x=event.x; o3_y=event.y;}
	if (ie5) {o3_x=event.x+o3_frame.document.body.scrollLeft; o3_y=event.y+o3_frame.document.body.scrollTop;}
	
	if (o3_allowmove == 1) {
		placeLayer();
	}
}

// The Close onMouseOver function for stickies
function cClick() {
	hideObject(over);
	o3_showingsticky = 0;
	
	return false;
}


// Makes sure target frame has overLIB
function compatibleframe(frameid) {        
	if (ns4) {
		if (typeof frameid.document.overDiv =='undefined') return false;
	} else if (ie4) {
		if (typeof frameid.document.all["overDiv"] =='undefined') return false;
	} else if (ns6) {
		if (frameid.document.getElementById('overDiv') == null) return false;
	}

	return true;
}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LAYER FUNCTIONS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// Writes to a layer
function layerWrite(txt) {
	txt += "\n";
	
        if (ns4) {
                var lyr = o3_frame.document.overDiv.document

                lyr.write(txt)
                lyr.close()
        } else if (ie4) {
		o3_frame.document.all["overDiv"].innerHTML = txt
	} else if (ns6) {
		range = o3_frame.document.createRange();
		range.setStartBefore(over);
		domfrag = range.createContextualFragment(txt);
		while (over.hasChildNodes()) {
			over.removeChild(over.lastChild);
		}
		over.appendChild(domfrag);
	}
}

// Make an object visible
function showObject(obj) {
        if (ns4) obj.visibility = "show";
        else if (ie4) obj.visibility = "visible";
	else if (ns6) obj.style.visibility = "visible";
}

// Hides an object
function hideObject(obj) {
        if (ns4) obj.visibility = "hide";
        else if (ie4) obj.visibility = "hidden";
	else if (ns6) obj.style.visibility = "hidden";
        
	if (o3_timerid > 0) clearTimeout(o3_timerid);
	if (o3_delayid > 0) clearTimeout(o3_delayid);
	o3_timerid = 0;
	o3_delayid = 0;
        self.status = "";
}

// Move a layer
function repositionTo(obj,xL,yL) {
	if ( (ns4) || (ie4) ) {
	        obj.left = xL;
	        obj.top = yL;
	} else if (ns6) {
		obj.style.left = xL + "px";
		obj.style.top = yL+ "px";
	}
}





////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PARSER FUNCTIONS
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// Defines which frame we should point to.
function opt_FRAME(frm) {
        o3_frame = compatibleframe(frm) ? frm : ol_frame;

	if ( (ns4) || (ie4 || (ns6)) ) {
		if (ns4) over = o3_frame.document.overDiv;
		if (ie4) over = o3_frame.overDiv.style;
		if (ns6) over = o3_frame.document.getElementById("overDiv");
	}

	return 0;
}

// Calls an external function
function opt_FUNCTION(callme) {
	o3_text = callme()
	return 0;
}




//end (For internal purposes.)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// OVERLIB 2 COMPATABILITY FUNCTIONS
// If you aren't upgrading you can remove the below section.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Converts old 0=left, 1=right and 2=center into constants.
function vpos_convert(d) {
	if (d == 0) {
		d = LEFT;
	} else {
		if (d == 1) {
			d = RIGHT;
		} else {
			d = CENTER;
		}
	}
	
	return d;
}

// Simple popup
function dts(d,text) {
	o3_hpos = vpos_convert(d);
	overlib(text, o3_hpos, CAPTION, "");
}

// Caption popup
function dtc(d,text, title) {
	o3_hpos = vpos_convert(d);
	overlib(text, CAPTION, title, o3_hpos);
}

// Sticky
function stc(d,text, title) {
	o3_hpos = vpos_convert(d);
	overlib(text, CAPTION, title, o3_hpos, STICKY);
}

// Simple popup right
function drs(text) {
	dts(1,text);
}

// Caption popup right
function drc(text, title) {
	dtc(1,text,title);
}

// Sticky caption right
function src(text,title) {
	stc(1,text,title);
}

// Simple popup left
function dls(text) {
	dts(0,text);
}

// Caption popup left
function dlc(text, title) {
	dtc(0,text,title);
}

// Sticky caption left
function slc(text,title) {
	stc(0,text,title);
}

// Simple popup center
function dcs(text) {
	dts(2,text);
}

// Caption popup center
function dcc(text, title) {
	dtc(2,text,title);
}

// Sticky caption center
function scc(text,title) {
	stc(2,text,title);
}