AP News, April 17th, 2007
What could be more French than cognac?
Its grapes come from a strictly marked-off region of western France, and French rules govern how it is distilled, aged and labeled.
Yet the distillation process is partly Dutch-invented. Famous cognac houses were founded by Irishman Richard Hennessy and Englishman Thomas Hine. And when a North American insect devastated France's vineyards in the late 19th century, it was rootstocks imported from Texas that saved cognac.
Cognac is a lot like France _ more globalized than people realize. And as a successful export, like high-speed trains and nuclear power plants, it has everything to gain from the knitting together of the world's markets.
Yet France is deeply worried about how it will cope, and these fears feed into the French presidential election Sunday. In a closely run campaign that lacks any big, over-arching theme, globalization is just one of many issues, each of which could sway the outcome.
According to a survey last year by Eurobarometer, 64 percent of the French _ the highest percentage in the European Union _ see globalization as a threat to French businesses and jobs. The numbers are so discouraging that Trade Minister Christine Lagarde has embarked on a campaign to "sell" globalization to her countrymen.
She is up against the memorable image of Jose Bove, the mustachioed sheep farmer who dramatized his crusade against globalization by trashing a French McDonald's outlet in 1999.
So Lagarde uses other images, visiting schools with a brochure that chronicles the life of a 10-year-old girl whose video game is made in China, whose cough medicine uses plants from the Amazon, and so on.
France "is portrayed as a country which is protectionist, which is sort of haunted by the ghosts of the foreigner," Lagarde said in an interview. "That's not really the France that I see, and not the France that I like."
Ironically, both she and Bove could be called children of globalization. Lagarde is the former head of the Chicago-based Baker and McKenzie law firm. Bove, who is running for president as a fringe candidate, spent part of his childhood in Berkeley, Calif., where his parents were researchers.
Despite the anti-globalization sentiment, France is open to the world. But it prefers that openness to be on its own terms _ ideally, by spreading French culture, business and diplomacy.
The Louvre Museum, home of the Mona Lisa, is opening a branch in the Persian Gulf. And in December France launched a 24-hour international all-news channel _ in English as well as French _ a sign it now recognizes the receding influence of its language and is moving on to other battles.
The outgoing government believes France should push for a kinder, gentler globalization, typified by outgoing President Jacques Chirac's international initiative for a tax on airline tickets to raise money for fighting diseases in poor countries.
The candidates in Sunday's election are sending mixed messages.
Nicolas Sarkozy, the front-running conservative, is the most market-friendly. He says he believes in the benefits of a global economy but acknowledges it isn't "necessarily pleasant."
Socialist contender Segolene Royal, No. 2 in polls, urges voters to see globalization's upside, but wants companies that outsource jobs to repay any state aid they received. In the western French region she governs, she made a point of handing out free slippers to boarding-school students to promote local footwear producers facing competition from China.
An average of 13,500 industrial jobs _ 0.35 percent of the industrial work force _ moved offshore every year between 1995 and 2001, the national statistics agency says. It calls the number "limited." Yet globalization still conjures up fears of outsourcing, job cuts and lost traditions.
There are signs France might be ready to turn a corner because globalization is no longer synonymous with Americanization. As China and India gain ground, "It's impossible right now to pin down who is the big bad wolf," says Trade Minister Lagarde.
A mass scare erupted in 2005 over rumors that PepsiCo Inc. was planning a bid for the company that makes Evian water. It never happened. But Mittal Steel Co., chaired by Indian-born Lakshmi Mittal, purchased Arcelor SA last year, and the merger has been smoother than many expected.
Bove, the McDonald's-wrecker, polls only 1-2 percent in the presidential race with his call for "an electoral insurrection against economic liberalism." Sophie Meunier, a Princeton researcher who studies globalization, sees that as a sign.
"The French no longer seem to be obsessing about globalization like they once were," she said.
As for cognac, the United States is its biggest market, while exports to China, the No. 2 market, exploded by about 25 percent in 2006, the national cognac bureau says. A mere 4.5 percent of last year's cognac remained in France.
"China is where the growth is now," said Courvoisier's head of quality, Pierre Szersnovicz. "It's a giant market for the future."
