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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Leeming say the Zeus and Hera represented humanity in Greek culture?
(a) In a realistic yet skeptical portrait.
(b) In a caricature of male and female spirits.
(c) In an essentializing portrait.
(d) In an idealized portrait of man and wife.

2. For what does Leeming say the gods are metaphors?
(a) Timeless laws of the universe.
(b) Earth, wind, water and fire.
(c) Elements of society, as well as human emotions.
(d) The collective unconscious.

3. What problem or question does Leeming say cultures were addressing in cosmogonies?
(a) The question of how life forms evolved and differentiated.
(b) The question of how man rose to the summit of power over nature.
(c) The question of birth from nothing.
(d) The question of why men are stronger than women are.

4. What does Leeming say the gods function as in myth?
(a) Self-portraits.
(b) Masks and metaphors.
(c) Mirrors.
(d) Ciphers.

5. What does Leeming say about the birth of God?
(a) Leeming says that there is only one God, and he was born of the Virgin Mary.
(b) Leeming says that gods can only be born of virgins.
(c) Leeming says that gods are born from almost everything in existence.
(d) Leeming says that in almost every myth, God is born of a holy Mother.

6. What does Leeming say the Great Mother represents?
(a) Creation and nourishment.
(b) Self-fulfillment.
(c) Death and resurrection.
(d) Craft and teaching.

7. Where does Leeming say the world originates in the Christian creation myth?
(a) God.
(b) Itself.
(c) Language.
(d) Chaos.

8. Why does Leeming say cultures give human form to Supreme Beings?
(a) Because they do not understand anything beyond human limitations.
(b) Because they cannot express the sublimity of existence without giving it a human face.
(c) Because a Supreme Being protects them from the night.
(d) Because humans tend to see their virtues as outlasting them.

9. Who was the sun god of Heliopolis?
(a) Apollo.
(b) Zeus.
(c) Re or Atun.
(d) Osiris.

10. In Leeming's account, how did the Hopi create their creation myth?
(a) Through song.
(b) Through initiating their children.
(c) Through spreading their culture.
(d) Through art.

11. Who does Leeming say introduced monotheism to Egyptian culture?
(a) Isis.
(b) Osiris.
(c) Akhenaton.
(d) Re.

12. What does Leeming say the flood represents as a metaphor?
(a) The cleansing effect of death on culture.
(b) The unconscious before experiencing rebirth.
(c) Extreme guilt washing away with forgiveness.
(d) The clean feeling after admitting wrong.

13. What does Leeming say the Hebrew creation myth was concerned with?
(a) The morality of human beings.
(b) The indifference of the creator to his creation.
(c) The possibility of justice in dealings with people.
(d) The role of humanity in the universe.

14. Who does Leeming say is the archetypal helper god in the Greco-Roman Pantheon?
(a) Epimetheus.
(b) Prometheus.
(c) Pan.
(d) Athena.

15. How does Leeming say earth religions still worship the Great Mother?
(a) In the constellations.
(b) In modern agriculture.
(c) In the form of nature.
(d) In the seasons.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Leeming say was the primary difference between the Greek pantheon and the Roman pantheon?

2. How does Leeming describe cosmogonies?

3. What does Leeming say cosmogonies represent?

4. How does Leeming say the Supreme Being is frequently characterized?

5. How does Bumba create the earth in Boshongo creation myth?

(see the answer keys)

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