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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What washes up on the shore over the winter when they are hungry?

2. Which of the following best characterizes Gudrid's father?

3. Why does Leif travel to the Hebrides?

4. What does Gudrid do after Thorbjorn Vifilsson dies?

5. Who is Thorfinn Karlsfni?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Thorbjorn's trip to Greenland. Include who he is with and what happens.

2. Explain the encounter with the uniped.

3. What does Eirik the Red do upon departing for Vinland that he suspects causes him to fall off his horse? What does he do to resolve it?

4. Explain the interchange between Bjarni and the young Icelander. What are the circumstances and what is the result?

5. What is the relationship between Thorbjorn and Orm? How does it change with events?

6. What happens with the whale? Why do people refuse to eat it?

7. What happens to those that stay in Bjarni's ship and those that leave in the small boat?

8. How do Leif's parents, Eirik the Red and Thjodhild, take to Christianity?

9. Explain why the small boat on Bjarni's ship would not sink while the large one was about to.

10. When food runs scarce, Thorhall disappears for three days. How and where do Karlsefni and Bjarni find him? What does he say he was doing?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write an essay about women in Viking culture.

Part 1. How did the rights of viking women compare with the rights of women in other areas of Europe?

Part 2. What traditions surrounded the processes of marriage and divorce?

Part 3. What were the roles and responsibilities of women in a marriage and society?

Essay Topic 2

Gudrid (Gudridur Thorbjarnardottir) is possibly one of the best documented and traveled women of her era. Do further outside research and write an essay about Gudrid.

Part 1. Who was Gudrid? Who were her family?

Part 2. What kind of person was Gudrid? How did this affect her life?

Part 3. Where did Gudrid travel during her life? How and why did she travel so extensively?

Part 4. What other major events happened during Gudrid's life and how did she handle them?

Essay Topic 3

Eirik the Red is sentenced to outlawry by the Thorsness Assembly. Write an essay about the concept of outlawry.

Part 1. What does the legal sentence of outlawry mean?

Part 2. What places practiced the sentence of outlawry? When did they stop?

Part 3. What are the good and bad consequences of the practice of outlawry? Why do you think it is no longer practiced?

(see the answer keys)

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