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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what type of species are variations of the eye found?
(a) Humans.
(b) Dogs.
(c) Birds.
(d) Crustaceans.

2. What typically happens to a species that begins to vary and forms two distinct species?
(a) They will require more resources.
(b) They will be classified as sub-species.
(c) One of the species will become extinct.
(d) They will inhabit more area.

3. What type of selection primarily affects the reproductive characteristics of a species?
(a) Artificial selection.
(b) Natural selection.
(c) Sexual selection.
(d) Environmental selection.

4. What does the process of species growth suggest about species that are transported into foreign regions?
(a) They stay stagnant.
(b) They inter-breed.
(c) They prosper.
(d) They do not prosper.

5. What happens when species are inter-bred?
(a) Offspring are stronger.
(b) Variations die out.
(c) Variations increase.
(d) Offspring are weaker.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the fate of traits that are neither helpful nor unhelpful for survival?

2. What is likely to NOT affect variations that are consistent among individuals?

3. What is the primary cause for the struggle for survival between species?

4. What can be said about the range of species that are closely related?

5. What do scientists attribute to organs that cannot be explained by natural selection?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are four objections raised to the theory of natural selection?

2. What can't all examples for disused organs be attributed to correlational growth?

3. Why does Darwin feel the distinction between species variations is arbitrary?

4. How does Darwin propose a theory that goes against long-held popular belief?

5. Why isn't it safe to assume that regions that are physically connected in the present day were connected in the past?

6. Why would, on some islands, nature select for beetles that do not fly?

7. What is the difference between domesticated and wild animals, according to Darwin?

8. Why are polymorphic species considered an extreme illustration of variation?

9. Regarding Darwin's example of the pigeon in Chapter 1, why is the pigeon easily determined to be descended from a single species?

10. Why is the eye used as an example of an organ too complex to be explained by natural selection?

(see the answer keys)

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