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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Metellus realize about Zama?

2. Why does Jugurtha bribe Romans?

3. What does Metellus do with his soldiers when he retreats?

4. How does Sallust present the Roman army in the beginning?

5. Why does Adherbal deliver a speech to the Senate?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does the Senate tell Jugurtha he must do about Adherbal and what is Jugurtha's response?

2. What does Sallust say is the reason he is writing The Jugurthine War book?

3. How does Rome feel about Metellus's encounters with Jugurtha and what is Metellus's response to this?

4. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

5. What does Sallust say about public office and what most men don't want and how they gain promotions?

6. What does Jugurtha do after he flees Thala?

7. What does Jugurtha decide to do after he agrees to surrender to Metellus?

8. What happens when Metellus tries to capture Zama?

9. What type of government does Sallust say could solve the problems but what happens when that is attempted?

10. How does the war between Jugurtha and Adhrbal start?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss one of the following:

1. Trace and analyze the theme of manipulation and power in The Jugurthine War. Consider the following questions as you write: Which persons are most concerned with manipulation and power? Why? What are some symbols of manipulation and power? Symbols of powerlessness? Which persons seem powerless?

2. Trace and analyze the theme of hypocrisy in The Jugurthine War. Which persons seem hypocritical? Why? Which persons seem sincere? Why? Which ones seem not to care about looking good to others? What is the difference between how the two types live?

3. Trace and analyze the theme of death in The Jugurthine War. Compare and contrast how the people of the Roman era view death to the views of those in 2010. Which is most like your own view of death? Who seems afraid of dying? Not afraid? Who meets death gracefully? In resignation? With joy? With fear?

Essay Topic 2

It seems strange that Sallust represents Jugurtha as an honorable man and then suggests that his motives behind his violence were nothing more than a lust for power, control and war.

1. Discuss, with examples from the text, the above statement.

2. Jugurtha committed many atrocities in his quest for power. Discuss how you believe his behavior would be settled in an international court for war crimes. How are his actions similar to some of the war crimes which have been tried in the past twenty years?

3. Jugurtha killed not only many people, but his own adopted brothers and even tortured Adherbal. Do you think fratricide is morally more reprehensible than murder of a person who is unknown to the criminal? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Sallust said that wise leaders who could recognize people as individuals and bring them together through a shared love of their nation, built the original Roman society.

1. Why do you think Sallust thought the leaders were wise in the early days of the empire? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Discuss why love of a nation might bind a people together better than greed or love of power.

3. Discuss what the leaders of America might be able to learn from the early leadership of Rome and how they might be able to implement similar leadership.

(see the answer keys)

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