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Information

This topic has wide-ranging meaning. Shannon reduced it to its pure signals and developed the concept of a basic unit called the bit.

Difference Engine

This is an invention of Charles Babbage's that used mechanical wheels, gears, and levers to calculate logarithms.

Analytical Engine

This is a more complex version of Babbage's difference engine that was meant to perform more complex functions.

Turing Machine

This is an imaginary machine that processed information based on a set of simple operations and a table of instructions.

Maxwell's Demon

This is an imaginary intelligent being that could sort molecules based on some criterion and create order out of a disorderly system.

Entropy

This is the measurement of unavailable energy in a system and was also shown to be correlated to the amount of information in a message.

Wikipedia

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