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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?
(a) Denmark.
(b) Iceland.
(c) Poland.
(d) Greenland.

2. When workers in Vestmannaeyjar hose down lava, why do they keep moving?
(a) To cool down other parts of the flow.
(b) To stay warm in the cold climate.
(c) Because the lava flow keeps shifting.
(d) To keep their boots from burning up.

3. Valdimar Jonsson is a professor of what?
(a) Mob mentality.
(b) Thermal fluids.
(c) Volcanic eruptions.
(d) Icelandic folklore.

4. In 1973, the eruptions in Heimaey begin on January 23 and continue vigorously before diminishing in strength through when?
(a) February 5th.
(b) February 25th.
(c) March 1st.
(d) January 30th.

5. What do doctors dispense to workers who are cooling down the lava in Iceland to soothe their hoarse throats?
(a) Icelandic throat lozenges.
(b) Finnish cough drops.
(c) Norwegian chest drops.
(d) Swedish chest lozenges.

Short Answer Questions

1. With "City Flow" moving towards them in Heimaey, what do pumping crews do?

2. What does Magnus Magnusson tell Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson to protect first during the eruptions of 1973?

3. What gives Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson the idea to cool the oncoming flow of lava?

4. How do the returning residents benefit from the cooled but still hot lava rocks on Vestmannaeyjar?

5. Why do residents of Heimaey hose down oncoming lava?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the views of Hawaiian natives towards volcanoes differ from the views of the U.S. Army Air Corps?

2. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

3. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

4. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

5. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

6. What is threatened in Heimaey as a result of the unexpected volcanic eruption of 1973?

7. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

8. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

9. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

10. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

(see the answer keys)

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