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Birmingham, Alabama

In 1963, this was the site of an infamous race-related bombing. Four young Black girls were killed at the local Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. The bombing provoked a range of passionate responses from white and Black Christians.

The Middle Passage

This term refers to the transport of enslaved people from West Africa to the New World. The trip was brutal and inhumane. Millions of Africans died aboard the ships.

Declaration of Independence

This document played a key role in forming the United States. While its contents promoted the concept of "freedom," the document allowed chattel slavery to continue. Enslaved Blacks received no additional rights, and their bondage continued after "liberation" from English rule.

The Great Awakening

This term refers to a surge of revivalist preachers in the 1700s. During this movement, white Christians sought to convert others, including enslaved Blacks, to Christianity. However, converting to Christianity offered...

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