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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which place do Rastafarians believe is the "Promised Land"?

2. What happened to the people of London as the heat intensified?

3. Chapter 4 speaks about the Glams and their ideal of which of the following?

4. According to Hebdige, subcultures serve the purpose of allowing individuals to do which of the following?

5. Hebdige describes subcultures as"mediation" between what?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Hebdige, what affect does the Glam subculture have on someone looking in from the outside?

2. How does Hebdige say some members of the mass culture view the British youth of the different subcultures?

3. What physical and social affect did the London heat wave of 1976 have on the people of London according to Hebdige?

4. Does Hebdige agree with the idea that all subcultures are lumped into one "class"?

5. What is the history of the blacks from the West Indies compared to the post-war British youth?

6. What does Hebdige say was Punk's mission when they formed?

7. According to Hebdige, was Punk founded on the influence of other subcultures?

8. According to Chapter 3, what is the main difference between the subcultures of Reggae and Rastafarians?

9. Besides the experience of slavery, what other elements were used to create Reggae?

10. When subcultures began to take shape, what group or groups of people became active participants? Why?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Give specific examples of how the dominant culture seeks to exert control over subcultures (e.g. style - signs and signifiers).

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast the black and white subcultures listed in the book. Do a general comparison and contrast as well as use specific examples from the subcultures mentioned.

Essay Topic 3

Of the Rastafarian and Punk subcultures, which one seems to be the most defiant of the dominant culture, in your opinion? Give specific examples from the book that support your point of view.

(see the answer keys)

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