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Sigmund Freud

This individual was an Austrian psychologist whose theories formed the basis for the psychiatric method known as psychoanalysis.

Louis-Ferdinand Celine

This individual was a French writer in the early to mid 20th century in whose writings seem to have a strong interest in the abject.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

This individual was a Russian novelist in the 19th century whose work might point to an early, if imperfect, recognition of the abject.

James Joyce

This individual was an Irish modernist writer whose works, the author claims, largely embody the spirit of the abject through their unconventional style.

Marcel Proust

This individual was a French author who was heavily involved in the post-structuralist literary movement.

Jorge Luis Borges

The author provides this individual as an example of an abject author.

Jacques Lacan

This individual was a Freudian psychologist and linguist whose work was largely related to the synthesis of...

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