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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What 1901 convention establishing the three-mile limit was nullified in 1944?

2. What were leaders of the trawler industry and chip shop guilds called?

3. What was the forerunner of sonar?

4. Which British foreign secretary commented on the third Cod War saying that both sides have shown valor, but there was no need to show virility?

5. What was invented in the mid-19th century that was slow to catch on in the fishing industry?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is hákarl flesh processed and why?

2. Why did President Harry Truman impose protected zones for American fisheries?

3. How did navigation improve in fishing in the 17th century?

4. What happened to many British and German trawlers during the second Cod War?

5. How did the Icelandic government finally curb the capacity of is own fishing fleet?

6. Why did Icelandic Coast Guard vessels withstand enemy attacks in the second cod war?

7. What did Halldór Laxness win the Nobel Prize for and why?

8. What skills did fishermen learn in the wake of the imposition of 200-mile zones?

9. How did the British respond to being asked to change their preference for fried cod as the cod catch continued to decline?

10. Why do fishermen have comparatively high accident rates?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is the history of the relationship between salt and cod throughout Europe? Which areas were known for the best salt? What trade relationships were created by this?

Essay Topic 2

How have the migratory patterns of cod changed? What is the effect of arctic cod on other cod species? What signs of possible extinction are being noticed by fishermen? What species have replaced the cod as profitable catches? How have their migratory patterns changed?

Essay Topic 3

Describe how Catholicism created a market for cod. Which holiday was instrumental in the creation of this market? Why? Who benefited from this market?

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