1. What is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language?
(a) Algorithm model.
(b) Computer model.
(c) Mathematical model.
(d) Fraction model.

2. What occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers?
(a) Theoretical physics.
(b) Momentum diffusion.
(c) Laminar flow.
(d) Chaos theory.

3. In his paper, Kuhn argues that rival paradigms are ______, meaning that it is not possible to understand one paradigm through the conceptual framework and terminology of another rival paradigm.
(a) Indistinguishable.
(b) Incomprehensible.
(c) Incommensurable.
(d) Incorrigible.

4. When was Edward Lorenz born?
(a) 1917.
(b) 1921.
(c) 1924.
(d) 1914.

5. How old was Mitchell Feigenbaum when he was offered a post at the Los Alamos National Laboratory?
(a) 35.
(b) 27.
(c) 29.
(d) 22.

Short Answer Questions

1. What mathematical term refers to the Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, as well as the generalizations of these notions to higher dimensions?

2. What refers to a supercomputer manufacturer based in Seattle, Washington, and founded in 1972?

3. What science deals with the visible, orderly outcomes of self-organization and the common principles behind similar patterns?

4. What was the profession of Benoit Mandelbrot's father?

5. When was Steven Smale born?

(see the answer key)

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