Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.

Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

William Lee Miller, Arguing About Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.